Drug Addiction: And Urban Social Problem Essay

There argon some(a)(prenominal) concurrent urban affectionate problems and for many years now authorities of a community throw off huge difficulties in eradicating these socially damaging situations. The issue of medicate addiction has unceasingly been common and widespread in our society. For some reasons this institutionwide quandary is very difficult to expunge thus, creating a humungous problem of our world. This shaped several individuals lives when the addiction to illegal substances sets in and likewise affected the future of the communities they belonged to particularly their children, who of course look up to their p argonnts for guidance.This began a long time ag wiz but the problem is not diminishing and instead became progressively dominant where teen climb onrs nowadays argon provided abstemious access to these deleterious drugs by drug peddlers or pushers on the streets. Drug pushers have notwithstanding become modernistic on ways to introduce these life de structing substances to children just for them to earn easy money the fastest possible way. Some kids get introduced to these illegal substances without beingness aware what they have gotten into.Those born on the years from 1946 to 1964, were called babe Boomers and were besides exposed to drugs that significantly marked a different era in hi flooring. Mike Males, who is a t separatelyer in UC Santa Cruz, and overly a do by boomer, raised some criticisms on his own gene dimensionn. He said that they are the fastest growing age group for felony arrests in California that has the biggest demographic for HIV and AIDs cases and has a one in three ratio of obese muckle. Since 75. 8 million Americans belong to this propagation, their views and the actions dominate the society.They are in the media, fill the church pews, run the corporations thus ruling the market place and sit down on the Oval office (Hubler). Mike Males even described their generation as Its members became wil dly well-educated and turned sex-drugs-and-rock-and-roll into a mass motto. because they left all that behind to form a lot of blended, two-income, exceptionally health-conscious households. Then they became inordinately conscientious parents, rethinking whole aspects of child-rearing, but in a good way.Now theyre justly ensconced in midlife and expecting to live noncurrent 100, with no worries save for the ever higher cost of seeing the curl Stones. (Hubler) His story has even been confirmed by government statistics and other scholars story in saying that, problems among teens are declining but problems among their baby boom parents were another(prenominal) matter (Hubler). Having a population dominated by the baby boomers may have its effects to the existence of some urban problems that are unsounded hounding our communities.It was with great dependence on their action that their kids allow for be capable to survive as well as the future generations. However, this generati on as parents, have also nurtured their children by providing the support that they requisiteed and wanted (Value Options). They also did wjat they could to provide their children a better and content future. They were also good parents to their kids. We cannot generalise an age group belonging to different society but shut away the fact remains that the drug problem is still predominant in the society.On the other hand, the children of the baby boomers are referred to as the Generation Y, who are those state born from years 1980 to 1994. They are also called Echo Boomers, millennial Generation and Generation Next. This new generation is now coming of age to work and transform the future of the humankind. The Echo Boomers are very a lot controlled by technological innovations that have emerged in the latest years. They have The Baby Boomers saw the future as theirs and Generation Xers found the future disheartening, these spring chicken workers question whether they will have a future.They have spent a good deal of time watching as their parents rose to the elevation of the corporate ladder, balancing work and family, and they have seen their parents lose jobs as a result of downsizing and reorganizations. For this generation, work is temporary and unreliable. They are less act to an employer, sensing that employers are less committed to long-term employment. In some respect, this group is opportunistic and will job hop to meet their conterminous wants, needs and goals (Value Options).Apparently, in some cases, this has caused some adolescents to develop some mental ordeal full of uncertainties in what the future holds for them that some resort to alcoholism, depression, smoke and drug addiction at a young age. Some of these people gets involve in something due to curiosity and experimentation. Without the parents strong presence in their lives, they just may be led on the wrong path. So many events has happened during their time such as high schoo l, college school and even mall shooting as well as the 9/11 attacks.With all these things happening, more support is needed by these people to crucify some trauma. For those who cannot get the support and guidance that they need from their elders, they turn to drugs to momently forget their fears, anger and insecurities especially for teenagers. Addiction results from the relationship between a person and the object of their addiction (Schaffer). The sources of drug addiction are the material drugs that people take, of which some are prescribed for a certain sickness or not.Most of these drugs cannot be faced out in the market since it is also very beneficial to the lives of those afflicted by some deadly or threatening diseases. The altogether way to do for these substances to be safe or away from drug abusive individuals is the control that is implemented by the government to every area. It is a responsibility that should be taken gravely by the ones in governmental positio ns or in power. Also a huge support from families, friends and community to those people especially the adolescents should be organise to give them the guidance they need.Many of these groups are existent today and are already causing remarkable changes in the lives of some young ones. Drugs would always be in the streets since people would still keep making them for a good or bad cause but we have to revolve about on what really pushes people to turn to drugs. If we go down to the shank of the issue, we would know what to do to be able to stop this worsening predicament. If peoples interests in illegal substances are eliminated, consequently there will be no consumers for these individuals producing and selling these drugs. No one will be selling something of which no one is buying.If it is parental support that is lacking, everyone should do their trounce to become amenable parents and give the support their kids deserve. This boils down to family relationships since this is primarily where kids are guided to straighten out their lives and erase the confusions that bother them most which then results to having these vices. It is not fair to pinpoint on whether it is the fault of the Baby Boomers or the Generation Y that this social problem is still rampant. Both generations passed through with(predicate) their adolescent stages where people become vulnerable to such addictions.Everyone knows how confusing it is when we were on this phase and so we know how they should be guided and reared to become responsible and good citizens of this country. The drug problem is there because all of us need to pool our resources together and put more force in carry this drug problem down. It is not just a responsibility of one generation or one country. It is a problem that can only be solved if every one of us would help each other and take it as our own responsibility to make this world a safe haven for the following generations.WORKS CITEDHubler, Shawn. The Boom er buster Who is Mike Males, and why is he saying those awful things about people of a certain age? 22 January 2006. Center on puerile and Criminal Justice Press Room. 9 declination 2007 . Schaffer, Howard J. What is an Addiction A Perspective. 3 July 2007. Harvard Medical School Division on Addictions. 9 December 2007 . Generation Y. Value Options. 9 December 2007. .

Philippine History, Influences from Other Countries

Capalad, Raul Miguel C. January 3, 2012 2JRN2 I. During the Philippine pre-colonial period, the basic political subdivision was known as the barangay, which is control by a datu or village chief. Within the barangay argon ternary political divisions, the highest of which is the nobles. The nobles, which include the Datu and his bloodline, ar the highest figures in the barangay. The second in stray is the freemen. The freemen are the merchants, fishermen, farmers, and all other workers within the barangay. The lowest division is the slaves.The slaves are divided into two categories, the aliping namamahay, who stay at their owners homes, and the aliping sanguigilid, who bedevil their own home but still work for a master. II. Colonialism is, tally to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, is a practice of domination, which involves the subjugation of one people to some other. In the perspective of the Philippines past political, historical and social climate, his can in some manner be viewed as a positive thing beca enforce the Philippines back therefore was still severely underdeveloped.However if viewed from a moral standpoint, this is a interdict concept because it restricts the country (i. e. the Philippines) its natural ability to develop, grow, and prosper on its own. III. The Philippines cultures and traditions are very rich and diverse in every sense of the word. This attribute can be attributed to the umpteen colonizers that colonized the Philippines, and as well the tourists ang businessmen that entered the country. sensation the the biggest contributors were the Chinese. The Chinese people introduced many things to us in the categories of food, entertainment, and many more.They introduced the use of fireworks, their unique culinary art (like the noodles), porcelain ware, umbrellas, manufacture of gunpowder, and certain mining methods superstitions, etc. The clear style of dressing, like the sleeved jackets and loose trouser of the Mus lim Philippine women and the use of flip-flops, are of Chinese influence as well. They are also big players in our economy, with one of the richest and most successful businessmen in the Philippines being of Chinese descent. They have been in the Philippines for a very broad time and they have been through what everyone else in the Philippines has been through.As a result, many Filipino surnames are Chinese, like Cojuangco, Lim, Tan, Uy, and Tongco, among others. India also has similar offices. In cuisine is the making and consumption of the chicken curry, which has an Indian influence. They also introduced Hinduism into the Philippines, although only a small portion of the population practice Hinduism. Our language also has Indian influence. Here are some examples Tagalog * budhi which actor conscience in Sanskrit * dukha which means one who suffers in Sanskrit * guro which means teacher in Sanskrit * bathala which means imperious God in Sanskrit lalkambini which means princes s in Sanskrit Kapampangan * kalma which means fate in Sanskrit * damla which means divine law in Sanskrit * mantala which means magic formulas in Sanskrit * sampalataya which means faith in Sanskrit The wearing of a skirt and pillbox (sarong and putong respectively) also came from India. The great hindu epic Mahabarata is Indian. The Arabss greatest contribution to the Philippines is Islam, particularly in Mindanao. The sarimanok design, which has been used in a certain entanglement in the Philippines, is also of Arabic influence.

Edgar Allan Poe Works Essay

Edgar Allan Poe said I became insane, with large intervals of horrible sanity. Throughout his myopic-circuit stories The obscure Cat and The Tell-Tale Heart, Poe sets up his causas to subconsciously reveal their insanity. Often u nefariousnessg syntax clues and patterns, Poe shows the madness of the bank clerks of his mindless stories. The unvaried theme of denial of insanity further convinces the reader of the characters psychosis. Characters themselves often prove they are not in furbish up with reality through their actions. Through syntax, denial of insanity, and characters actions, Poe allows his narrators in The somber Cat and The Tell-Tale Heart to reveal their own insanity. Sentence organise is used consistently by Poe in his scam stories to aid in his characters revealing their own insanity. When the narrator in The Black Cat is listing the pets he and his wife have, the last one he lists is a cat. We had birds, gold-fish, a fine dog, rabbits, a small monkey, and a cat. (Poe H/O)The cat is italicized, causing the reader to wonder why the emphasis is so important. As the reader progresses through the fill-in of the story, it becomes evident that the cat is of a strong signifi tin cance to the narrator. In The Tell-Tale Heart, the narrator has some cast of disease that heightens his senses. He also has a type of obsessive despotic disorder, causing him to fixate on his roommates clouded eye. In the beginning of the story, he says I think it was his eye-yes, it was this (Poe H/O) The short choppy thought pattern here shows the chief of the narrator is slight than sound. While in The Black Cat, the syntax proof is less(prenominal) demonstrable, though foreshadowing the story by placing such a pernicious hint as to how much the cat really matters in the rest of the story, the grammatical clues in The Tell-Tale Heart are much more obvious because they pertain more to the thoughts of the narrator. Listening and paying attention to how speak ers and narrators in jaw in any text are vital in catch their character. By noting how Poe uses grammar and context clues, readers can more deeply understand the mind of the narrator.Syntax isnt the only way Poe manipulates his narrators to show their own madness. The constant theme of denial of insanity further convinces the reader of the characters senselessness. Poe, in The Black Cat writes Mad indeed would I be to expect it, in a case where my very senses reject their own evidence. Yet, mad I am not and surely do I not dream.(H/O). Here, the narrator of The Black Cat states that it is possible for his actions and thought process to be interpret as mad, still in his mind, he is not mad at all. By denying his insanity, the narrator creates a suspicion in the reader, making them question the integrity of his mind. The narrator of The Tell-Tale Heart is more adamant about retell the particular that he is not insane. will you say that I am mad?I have heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? (Poe H/O) The narrator obviously worries about the fact that people may see him as a lunatic.The reader can infer that by denying his lack of sanity, and clinging to the hope that he may in fact have a sound mind the narrator has upset all sense of reality, and cannot be trusted. Both of these stories have similar narrators in the sense that they may have once been sane, and a traumatic face has pushed them over the edge into the depths of derangement. While the above points may be legal and prove a point, nothing really shows who someone is more than what he or she may do. The characters actions in multiple short stories by Poe show that they are not in touch with reality. The short story The Black Cat may have the best warning of them all. When the narrator of this tale is hanging his precious, beloved cat, Pluto, he is well mindful of his actions, and yet, he cannot stop himself from performing this murderous deed.One morning, in composed blood, I slipp ed a noose about its neck and hung it to the limb of a tree hung it with the tears streaming from my eyes and with the bitterest remorse at my nerve centre hung it because I knew that it had loved be, and because I felt it had given me no movement of offense hung it because I knew that in so doing, I was committing a sin a deadly sin that would so jeopardise my immortal intellect as to place it if such a thing were possible correct beyond the reach of the infinite mercy of the more or less Merciful and Most Terrible God. (Poe H/O)

Managers

INTRODUCTIONManagers are champion of the most valuable elements for an institution to be successful. Sometimes we refer them as the brains of an organization. They are the ones directing and tyrannical the works and staff of a dep rusement or an organization. They are vital in the affirms of affairs of an organization. How they perform and deal with muckle somewhat them tallys to the offbeat of the unhurt organization.It is very principal(prenominal) to know that each(prenominal) passenger car knows his image and how to dupe it well. It is in their handling of work and how they deal with hoi polloi round them that brings great significance to the success of their organization. They are very much the tell to a successful organization. They are the criteria in which an organization ought to hand success.In this paper, we allow for try to unravel the responsibilities and functions of a manger. May this paper be a guide to all music directors on the job(p) in an or ganization.ROLE OF MANAGERSA director essential be well versed regarding the dodge of the organization he is working and he moldinessinessiness convey to his people all matters regarding the system. It is pregnant that the mangers take a track the knowledge of the system. He must relay such information to his people so that his people forget know the flow of the system of the organization. A handler coachs his people on the structure of the organization. A handler must as well fall in emphasis on the work of their unit and the contributions it go out give to the welfare of the consentaneous organization.The knowledge of the group regarding their function is and then vital in their functioning and to the organizations success. Educating his people regarding the system of the organization and the function of their unit must be the first condense of a theatre director. It is in this dissemination of information that shapes what and how the unit can contribute to th e whole organization. A carriage must eternally banner this state of mastery regarding the organization for him to function well and to be able to educate well his people.Managers must similarly inculcate to his people their value as a component of the system. This is very important in an organization in gear up for the employees to know their worth to the entire system. Employees need to know this involvement because the idea of value plays a vital role in the doing in working in the system. When employees know their value, they are most liable(predicate) to be inspired in working. The presence of value makes employees really connected to the system. This willing enable them to hitch themselves as important break downs of the whole system.Employees finding their value to the system of the organization will bring more or less the idea of being one with the system. This idea is a very strong f manageor in the carrying into action of employees. This makes them one with t he system and will make them evaluate that what they will do will contribute to the welfare of the whole system and if they do well, the systems success will overly be their own success and vice versa. To inform the employees and make them appreciate their value to the system is one of the roles of the music director.A manager must also determine that his employees are different from each early(a). A manager must see every employees background (family, education, skills, abilities, etc.). This is non an act of ranking each employee but this is an act of looking at each of them and tries to discover and invent plan on how they will gel and complement each other. The manager must try to put each and every employee to a purview where they can contribute to the organization as a whole.This role of the manager is very vital because it enables him to facilitate plans that would be so much full to the organizations welfare. Team work leads to success and how a manager puts toget her diverse people will be key to success. This is an art that a manager will have to master. This is like putting together a puzzle, a puzzle that leads to success.A manager loves development. He is unceasingly blossom to harvest-home and development in learn. This openness to growth and development is non only limited to his own self but also to his members and employees. A manager must provide a acceptable learning mark off not only for himself but also to his employees. He encourages education for those who have deficiencies in educational attainment. He also provides seminars and courses to his people for the ad vanguardcement of learning such as soulfulnessality development seminars, leadership seminars and the likes.Openness to learning is an act of adapting to the changing world. Knowledge ceaselessly evolves and thereof people must also adapt to its evolution. Peoples minds are also dynamic and thus needs to be catered by new trainings and seminars. This is one g reat demo of a good manager, a manager that is in constant seek for new ideas and methods, a practice that a manager must always look forward and do.A manager must understand a stable system and the coveraction of people and the circumstances that work in. Performances of everyone depend on a stable system. When coaching an employee or correcting a mistake, it must be in a good means that does not distract employees attention to work. It must interpose from an orderly manner and must not be an insult to the employee. AS good working atmosphere must always be in the mind of a manager and must not do away from it.Lessons will always take its inwardness in a manner of good coaching. People will always take suggestions for growth and development if it comes from a professional and even hearty manner. Managers must not be the menace of the workplace instead and bridle-path to freely express ones self and grow. This is very important in a managers role in an organization, a mana ger that makes learning easy and not a personal flaming to soulfulness.A manager must not commit always on permit of office. This means that he does not rely on power and does not use power to manipulate employees. Power creates difficulties for employees to work with. It sometimes makes employees sprightliness that they are lesser persons than the manager. They at times lose the will to tack in every endeavor when subjected to power and thus losses the will to do their job well.A manager must use knowledge in persuading an employee to a particular task. His personality as knowledgeable and open person will make an employee at ease in different situations. If an employee is at ease, this will then pave way to a more rehabilitative learning process surrounded by an employee and a manager. Both feel something good in learning and both will then work heavily and support each other in the organizations aims.A manager must always study results of performances not only his own pe rformance but the performances of his people. This is again an important task to do. This entails that a manager must always look not only to his accomplishments but also to the accomplishments and performance of his people. A manager must look if he had an employee that needs help. It is van inevitable part of an organization that someone will commit mistakes. If someone commits a mistake, that someone surely needs help. Help may come from simple things such as just rearranging tasks that somehow is too burdening to the employee or by just giving more explanation regarding the task involve.A manager must create trust to his employees. This presupposes an environment of freedom and innovation. Given that a manager must have trust to his people, this will then give way for his people to have confidence in themselves. This confidence will now give them an opportunity to innovate and create for the organization on what they deem important and vital for its success. Employees can now be part of the whole brain that runs an organization. This will not only lead to growth of every employee but also to the organization as a whole.A manager must not demand and expect perfection from his people. No one is perfect in this world and no employee can give a perfect accomplishment. A manger must understand this reality so that he can truly relate in good manner with his people. This is also an avenue to a more helping and cooperative way of doing work because everyone knows that they are not perfect and they need each other for them to achieve the goal of the organization as a whole.A manager must always take care and must always be objective in listening. In times of conflicts, managers will hear feedbacks from his people and it may hire degrading words for others employees. He must not judge instanter and must not take everything to be correct. His judgment on a certain matter must always be coupled with intellectual thinking. In this state, the organization will have a better inter human relationship that will always be key to success.A manager must also be engaged in informal conversations with his people not to judge them but just giving time to listen to them. This will promote a closer and free relationship in the midst of him and his people. This will also enable the manager to know his peoples plans and feelings and are vital to his decision making. This is a must for a manager for him not only to be able to be in a good relationship to his people but also in learning more about them because some of his people will work for a long time with him and good relationship is very much imperative. This will make them create better teamwork. A manager must also know the benefits and losses that an organization may get from controversy between employees and groups. Competition will always be present in an organization. This is a ubiquitous reality. It is important that a manager will know its effects, confirming or negative. With this knowledge , the manager can easily make adjustments and comments if one competition is not fruitful. It is also important that a manager will always remind employees of sportsmanship in every competition in accomplishments. Everything must be done in good manner and everything must not be personalized when we refer to competition.CONCLUSIONA manager must always be a person who banners good traits and has the capability of handling people. This is very important for a manger to be successful. A manager must always be for development and growth not only for himself but also for his people. It is important that all of them will have further education and skill trainings. As a manager, you are not only a facilitator but also a teacher, friend and a brother at times. It is very important to banner all these traits.The betterment of an organization will always rely on the manager efficiency in facilitating works and the people around him. This is the demand that a manager must meet in order to be s uccessful in his job. A successful manager will surely contribute big to the success of the organization and in happen the success of all the people working under it. The managers role will always have a chained effect on the people and organization in general.BIBLIOGRAPHYJohn Maxwell(1999). The 21 Indispensable Qualities of a Leader Becoming the Person Others Will Want to Follow. Maxwell Motivation.Change focus Basics the Role of Managers and Supervisors.Role of Managers.

Question Bank International Business Essay

Chapter 07 distant localise InvestmentTrue / False Questions1. (p. 242) A menage becomes a multi internal enterp renegade when it squeezes unwrapside(prenominal) take on sitement. lawful2. (p. 242) Licensing involves the take inment of a new operation in a orthogonal awkward. ph wizy3. (p. 242) If a hearty that collects bicycles in Germany acquires a French bicycle disc everyplacer, Greenfield enthronement has interpreted place. absurd4. (p. 242) The amount of FDI acquiren oer a dampn time degree is cognize as the diminish of FDI. sure5. (p. 242) The total accumulated nurture of remote-owned as raiments at a given time is the inflow of FDI. FALSE6. (p. 242) FDI is seen by executives as a means of circumventing future trade barriers. certain7. (p. 244) Historic completelyy, approximately FDI has been at onceed at the developed kingdoms of the realness as faithfuls based in advanced countries invested in the others grocerys. TRUE8. (p. 246) The total am ount of jacket invested in factories, stores, office buildings and the like is referred to as the melodic line of FDI. FALSE9. (p. 246) The largest source rural argona for FDI has been China. FALSE10. (p. 247) About 27 percent of the argonas largest blow nonfinancial multi subject beas in 2004 were Ameri plenty companies. TRUE11. (p. 247) In develop countries, well-nigh one third of FDI is in the found of mergers and acquisitions. TRUE12. (p. 248) In 2004, closely ii thirds of FDI monetary fund was in service industries. TRUE13. (p. 249) As comp atomic number 18d to exportation and licensing, FDI is the to a great extent expensive and risky. TRUE14. (p. 250) Internalization speculation is excessively cognize as the market imperfections approach. TRUE15. (p. 250) unmatched of the problems of licensing is that it may result in a star signs liberal external valuable technological k directly-how to a potential abroad competitor. TRUE16. (p. 251) An oligopoly is an industry composed of a limited number of large impregnables. TRUE17. (p. 252) When two or more than enterp jumps encounter each other in diverse regional markets, national markets or industries regional aspiration occurs. FALSE18. (p. 252) accord to Vernon, emplacement lift officular advantages bay window help exempt the nature and direction of FDI. FALSE19. (p. 253) Dunning, in the eclectic simulacrum hypothesis, suggests that a sign moldiness establish doing facilities where external assets or preference endowments necessary to the yield of the yield exist. TRUE20. (p. 254) Pragmatic nationalism traces its roots to Marxist political and economic surmisal. FALSE21. (p. 254) Classical economics and the worldwide trade theories of Adam Smith and David Ricardo form the basis for the free market deal. TRUE22. (p. 255) The free market get word argues that FDI is a benefit to both the source kingdom and to the waiter rustic. TRUE23. (p. 255) Countries adopti ng a pragmatic stance charter policies designed to maximize the national benefits and minimize the national salutes. TRUE24. (p. 256) An aspect of pragmatic nationalism is the purpose to aggressively court FDI conceived to be in the national amour by, for modeling, offer subsidies to distant MNEs in the form of tax breaks or grants. TRUE25. (p. 257) orthogonal direct investiture can make a positive donation to a multitude preservation by supplying enceinte, technology and heed resources that would otherwise non be available and thus boost that kingdoms economic branch direct. TRUE26. (p. 258) There is research financial support the view that multinational firms often transfer significant technology when they invest in a unknown sphere. TRUE27. (p. 258) Jobs created in local suppliers as a result of the MNEs enthronement funds and jobs created beca physical exercise of adjoind local expenditure by employees of the MNE ar ensamples of direct employment eff ects of FDI. FALSE28. (p. 258) armament country citizens that are employed by an MNE undermentioned an FDI are an example of an indirect effect of FDI. FALSE29. (p. 259) A countrys chemical equilibrium of payments grudges keep track of both its payments to and its receipts from other countries. TRUE30. (p. 259) A current account deficit exists when a country imports more than it exports. TRUE31. (p. 259) In recent years, the U.S. has run a persistent commensurateness of payments surplus. FALSE32. (p. 260) Host g both overnments sometimes worry that the subsidiaries of unknown MNEs may slang greater economic power than indigenous competitors. TRUE33. (p. 261) FDI does not benefit the server countrys balance of payments if the outside(prenominal) subsidiary creates accept for business firm-country exports of majuscule equipment, intermediate goods or complementary products. FALSE34. (p. 262) The term offshore production refers to FDI cutn to servethe domicile market. TR UE35. (p. 263) Countries cannot prohibit national firms from investing in certain countries for political reasons. FALSE36. (p. 264) The two most common methods of confining inward FDI are ownership restraints and performance choosements. TRUE37. (p. 265) The WTO has been very flourishing in efforts to initiate talks aimed at establishing a universal set of rules designed to promote the liberalization of FDI. FALSE38. (p. 266) Licensing is a good extract for firms in high-tech industries where protecting firm-specific expertise is of paramount importance. FALSE39. (p. 266-267) typicall(a)y licensing exit be a common system in oligopolies where rivalrous interdependence requires that multinational firms maintain nasty control over overseas operations so that they have the talent to launch coordinated attacks against their world(a) competitors. FALSE40. (p. 267) Licensing is more common in fragmented, low-tech industries in which ball-shapedly scatter manufacturing is not an option. TRUEMultiple Choice Questions41. (p. 242) FDI occurs when aA. municipal firm imports products and services from another country B. Firm ships its product from one country to anotherC. Firm invests in the stock of another followD. Firm invests directly in facilities to produce and/or market a product in a contrasted country42. (p. 242) A Greenfield investingA. Is a form of FDI that involves the establishment of a new operation in a foreign country B. Involves a 7 percent stock in an acquired foreign business entity C. Involves a merger with a foreign businessD. Occurs when a firm acquires another company in a foreign countr 43. (p. 242) If General Electric, a U.S. based corporation, purchased a 50% interest in a company in Italy, that purchase would be an example of a(n) A. Minority acquisitionB. Out right hand stakeC. Majority acquisitionD. Greenfield investment44. (p. 242) The amount of FDI undertaken over a given time period is A. The flow of FDIB. The stock of FDIC . The FDI outflowD. The FDI inflow45. (p. 242) The stock of FDI isA. The amount of FDI undertaken over a given period of timeB. The total accumulated value of foreign owned assets at a given time C. The flow of FDI out of a countryD. The flow of FDI into a country46. (p. 242) FDI has been rising for all of the following reasons, and A. The globalization of the world economyB. The general increase in trade barriers over the past 30 years C. Firms are trying to circumvent trade barriersD. There is a vend toward elected political institutions and free market economies47. (p. 244) Historically, most FDI has been directed at the _____ nations of the world as firms based in advanced countries invested in A. Underdeveloped, underdevelop countriesB. Developed, underdeveloped countriesC. Developed, each others marketsD. Underdeveloped, each others markets48. (p. 244) The U.S. has been an fetching laughingstock for FDI because of all of the following reasons, except A. Its small and wea lthy municipal marketsB. Its dynamic and stable economyC. Its favorable political environmentD. Its bareness to FDI49. (p. 244) Identify the incorrect statement regarding the direction of FDI. A. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the ontogenesis nations of the world B. During the 1980s and 1990s, the United States was often the favorite target for FDI inflows C. The developed nations of the EU have received significant FDI inflows D. Recent inflows into developing nations have been targeted at the emerging economies of South, East and Southeast Asia 50. (p. 246) Africa is not a popular destination for FDI because of all of the following reasons, except A. Political zymosis in the regionB. Armed conflict in the regionC. relaxation behavior of FDI regulationsD. Frequent policy changes in the region51. (p. 246) The total amount of capital invested in factories, stores, office buildings and the like is summarized by A. Gross fixed capital formationB. Total investment capit alC. Total tangible investmentD. Gross depreciable investments52. (p. 246) The largest source country for FDI since World War II has been A. lacquerB. ChinaC. The United StatesD. The United Kingdom53. (p. 247) Most cross-border investment isA. In the form of Greenfield investmentsB. Made via mergers and acquisitionsC. Between American and Japanese companiesD. Involved in building new facilities54. (p. 247) Which of the following is not a reason wherefore firms prefer toacquire existing assets sooner than undertake green-field investments? A. Foreign firms are acquired because those firms have valuable strategic assets B. Firms make acquisitions because they believe they can increase the efficiency of the acquired unit by transferring capital, technology or management skills C. up to now though Greenfield investments are comparatively less risky for a firm acquisitions always yield higher profits D. Mergers and acquisitions are quicker to act than green-field investments 55. (p. 247) In developing nations most FDI inflows are in the form of A. MergersB. Greenfield investmentsC. AcquisitionsD. Non-profit organizations56. (p. 248) The firmament composition of FDI shows that by 2004 approximately _____ of FDI stock was in service industries. A. One fourthB. One thirdC. Two thirdD. Half57. (p. 248) The rise in FDI in the services sector is a result of all of the following, except A. The general move in many developed countries onward from manufacturing and toward services B. Accelerating regulations of servicesC. numerous services cannot be traded internationallyD. Many countries have liberalized their regimes governing FDI in services 58. (p. 248) When strategic assets much(prenominal) as brand loyalty, customer relationships or distribution systems are important, _____ investments are more appropriate. A. Merger and acquisitionB. GreenfieldC. PortfolioD. New construction59. (p. 249) _____ involves granting a foreign entity the right to produce and sell th e firms product in hang for a royalty payment on every(prenominal) unit sold. A. plain FDIB. LicensingC. Vertical FDID. Greenfield investment60. (p. 249) In a licensing arrangement, the _____ bears the risk and constitute of source a foreign market. A. LicenseeB. LicensorC. Acquiring firmD. Greenfield investor61. (p. 250) Identify the possibility that seeks to explain why firms often prefer foreign direct investment over licensing as a strategy for entering foreign markets. A. Internalization systemB. Internationalization hypothesisC. Perfect markets hypothesisD. Small markets theory62. (p. 250) According to the internalization theory, all of the following are drawbacks of licensing as a strategy for exploiting foreign market opportunities, except A. Licensing does not grant control over manufacturing, marketing and to a licensee in return for a royalty fee B. Licensing may result in a firms giving away its know-how to a potential foreign competitor C. Licensing does not gi ve the firm the tight control over manufacturing, marketing and strategy that may be required to profitably exploit its advantage D. A firms capabilities much(prenominal) as the management, marketing and manufacturing are often not amenable to licensing 63. (p. 250) ______ is also cognize as market imperfections theory. A. Internationalization theoryB. Internalization theoryC. Perfect markets theoryD. Small markets theory64. (p. 251) If four firms control 80 percent of a domestic market, then ______ exists. A. An oligopolyB. A monopolyC. An oligarchyD. Vertical consolidation65. (p. 251) According to KnickerbockerA. The firms that pioneer a product in their home markets undertake FDI toproduce a product for inspiration in a foreign market B. When a firm that is part of an oligopolistic industry expands into a foreign market, other firms in the industry exit be compelled to make confusable investments C. Combining location-specific assets or resource endowments and the firms own alone(p) assets often requires FDI D. Impediments to the deal of know-how increase the positivity of FDI relative to licensing 66. (p. 252) The eclectic mental image was developed byA. F. T. KnickerbockerB. Adam SmithC. light beammond VernonD. John Dunning67. (p. 252) When two or more enterprises encounter each other in divergent regional markets, national markets or industries, there is A. Vertical integratingB. Horizontal integrationC. Multipoint rivalD. Monopolistic competition68. (p. 252) The product life cycle suggests thatA. practically the same firms that pioneer a product in their home markets undertake FDI to produce a product for consumption in foreign markets B. When a firm that is part of an oligopolistic industry expands into a foreign market, other firms in the industry result be compelled to make similar investments C. Combining location-specific assets or resource endowments and the firms own unique assets often requires FDI D. Impediments to the sale of know-how increase the profitability of FDI relative to licensing 69. (p. 253) The _____ suggests that a firm result establish production facilities where foreign assets or resource endowments that are important to the firm are located. A. Product life cycleB. Strategic behavior theoryC. Multipoint competition theoryD. Eclectic paradigm70. (p. 253) Advantages that arise from using resource endowments or assets that are tied to a busy location and that a firm finds valuable to mix with its own unique assets are known as A. Location specific advantagesB. Resource specific advantagesC. Competitive advantagesD. directional advantages71. (p. 253) John Dunning, a champion of the eclectic paradigm, argues that A. The firms that pioneer a product in their home markets undertake FDI to produce a product for consumption in a foreign market B. When a firm that is part of an oligopolistic industry expands into a foreign market, other firms in the industry will be compelled to make similar in vestments C. Combining location-specific assets or resource endowments and the firms own unique assets often requires FDI D. Impediments to the sale of know-how increase the profitability of FDI relative to licensing72. (p. 254) According to the _____ view of FDI, MNEs extract profits from the boniface country and take them to their home country, giving nothing of value to the host country in exchange. A. ImperialistB. ConservativeC. Free marketD. Radical73. (p. 254) Which of the following is not a reason that the report position of MNEs was in put out by the end of the 1980s? A. The strong economic performance of those developing countries that embraced capitalism alternatively than stand ideology B. The collapse of communism in Eastern EuropeC. The generally abysmal economic performance of those countries that embraced the radical position D. A growing belief in many capitalist countries that MNEs tightly controls key technology and that important jobsin the MNEs foreign sub sidiaries go to home-country nationals74. (p. 255) According to _____ international production should be distributed among countries fit to the theory of comparative advantage. A. The radical viewB. The eclectic viewC. Pragmatic nationalismD. The free market view75. (p. 256) A distinctive aspect of _____ is the inclining to aggressively court FDI believed to be in the national interest by, for example, crack subsidies to foreign MNEs in the form of tax breaks or grants. A. The dogmatic viewB. Pragmatic nationalismC. The radical viewD. The conservative view76. (p. 257) When a company brings capital and/or technology to a host country, the host country benefits from the A. Competitive effect of FDIB. The resource transfer effect of FDIC. The balance of payments effect of FDID. The effect on competition and economic growth77. (p. 258) When jobs are created in local suppliers as a result of the FDI and when jobs are created because of change magnitude local spending by employees of the MNE, the MNE has a _____ effect on employment. A. DirectB. IndirectC. InwardD. Outward78. (p. 259) A _____ keeps track of a countrys payments to and its receipts from other countries. A. Federal payments ledgerB. accredited accounting system systemC. Checks and balances accountD. Balance of payments account79. (p. 259) The _____ tracks the export and import of goods and services. A current account deficit or trade deficit as it is often called, arises when a country is importing more goods and services than it is exporting. A. Current accountB. Debit accountC. Surplus accountD. Capital account80. (p. 261) Three be of FDI concerns of host countries arise from all of the following except A. Adverse effects on competition within the host nationB. Adverse effects on the balance of paymentsC. The perceived loss of national sovereignty and autonomyD. Debit on the current account of the home countrys balance of payments81. (p. 262) FDI undertaken to serve the home market is known as A. Greenfield investmentB. FDI substitutionC. Offshore productionD. Home market FDI82. (p. 263) Double taxation isA. Charging effigy taxes in the home countryB. Charging double taxes in the host countryC. Taxation of income in both home and host countryD. Paying income taxes at twice the normal rate83. (p. 264) _____ are controls over the behavior of the MNEs local subsidiary. A. Performance requirementsB. possession restraintsC. Double taxation lawsD. Greenfield restrictions84. (p. 267) Licensing would be a good option for firms in which of thefollowing industries? A. High-technology industries in which protecting firm-specific expertise is of paramount importance and licensing is violent B. Global oligopolies, in which combative interdependence requires that multinational firms maintain tight control over foreign operations C. Industries in which intense cost pressures require that multinational firms maintain tight control over foreign operations D. In fragmented, low techn ology industries in which globally dispersed manufacturing is not an option85. (p. 267) _____ is essentially the service industry version of licensing, although it unremarkably involves much longer term commitments. A. FranchisingB. SubsidizingC. Greenfield investmentD. PatentingEssay Questions86. (p. 242) cover the fellowship between foreign direct investment and multinational enterprises?Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests directly in new facilities to produce and/or market a product in a foreign country. The U.S. Department of Commerce states that FDI occurs whenever a U.S. citizen, organization or affiliated assembly takes an interest of 10 percent or more in a foreign business entity. Once affirm undertakes FDI, it becomes a multinational enterprise.87. (p. 242) What are the two forms of foreign direct investment? The two forms of FDI are Greenfield investment or establishing a new operation in a foreign country and mergers and acquisitions whereby a company expands internationally through an existing firm. Acquisitions can be minority, majority or a 100% ownership position. 88. (p. 242) Discuss the trends in FDI over the last 30 years. Be sure to fall apart between the stock of FDI and the flow if FDI. The flow of FDI refers to the amount of FDI undertaken over a given period, while the stock of FDI refers to the total accumulated value of foreign-owned assets at a given time. oer the last 30years there has been a marked increase in both the flow and the stock of FDI in the world economy. Over this period, the flow of FDI accelerated faster than the growth in world trade and world output. 89. (p. 242) Discuss the reasons for the growth in FDI over the last 30 years. FDI has grown more rapidly than world trade and world output for several reasons. First, many companies see FDI as a means of circumventing potential trade barriers. Second, political and economic changes in many of the world developing nations has been encouragin g FDI. Finally, the globalization of the world economy is having a positive impact on the volume of FDI as firms now see the whole world as their market. 90. (p. 242-248) What is a Greenfield investment? How does it equalize to an acquisition? Which form of FDI is a firm more likely remove? Explain your answer. FDI can take the form of a Greenfield investment in a new facility or an acquisition of or a merger with an existing local firm. Research shows that most FDI takes the form of mergers and acquisitions instead than Greenfield investment.Mergers and acquisitions are more popular for three reasons. First, mergers and acquisitions are quicker to complete than Greenfield investments. Second, foreign firms are acquired because those firms have valuable strategic assets. Third, firms make acquisitions because they believe they can increase the efficiency of the acquired firm by transferring capital, technology or management skills. 91. (p. 248) Discuss the shift in FDI from manu facturing to services. What is driving the trend? Over the last twenty years, the sector composition of FDI has shifted from extractive industries and manufacturing toward services. By 2004, some 66 percent of the stock of FDI was in services. Four factors are driving the shift to services. First, the shift reflects the general move in many developed economies away from manufacturing and toward service industries. Second, many services cannot be traded internationally and FDI is a atomic number 82 was to bring services to foreign markets. Third, many countries have liberalized their regimes governing FDI in services making the option more attractive to firms. Finally, the rise of Internet-based global telecommunications networks has allowed some service enterprises to relocate some of their value creation activities to different nations to take advantage of favorable factor costs.92. (p. 249) Consider why firms exchange products with low value-to-weightratios choose FDI over expor ting. Products with low value-to-weight ratios such as crackers drinks or cement are frequently produced in the market where they are consumed. When transportation costs are added to production costs, it becomes unprofitable to shift such products over a long distance. For firms that can produce low value-to-weight products at almost any location the attractiveness of exporting decreases and FDI or licensing becomes more appealing. 93. (p. 250) Discuss the market imperfections interpretation of FDI. What is its relationship with internalization theory? securities industry imperfections or factors that inhibit markets from working perfectly, provide a major explanation of why firms prefer FDI to either exporting or licensing. In the international business literature, the marketing imperfections approach is referred to as internalization theory. According to the theory, FDI will be preferred when there are impediments that make both exporting and the sale of know-how difficult and/ or expensive. 94. (p. 250) What is licensing? How does it work?Licensing occurs when a domestic firm, the licensor, licenses to a foreign firm, the licensee, the right to produce its product, to use its production processes or to use its brand name or trademark. In return, the licensor collects royalty fees on every unit the licensee sells or on total licensee revenues. The licensor also benefits from the arrangement in that the licensee bears the cost and risk of expanding into a foreign market. 95. (p. 250) Compare and contrast the advantages of foreign direct investment over exporting and licensing. A firm will favor foreign direct investment over exporting as an entry strategy when transportation costs or trade barriers make exporting unattractive. Furthermore, the firm will favor foreign direct investment over licensing (or franchising) when it wishes to maintain control over its technological know-how or over its operations and business strategy or when the firms capabilities are simply not amenable to licensing, as may often be the case. 96. (p. 251) Consider the notion that FDI flows are a reflection of strategic ambition between firms in the global marketplace. What is the main limitation of the theory? The strategic behavior approach to explain FDI was initially expounded by Knickerbockers who argued that in an oliogopolistic industry, a follow the leader mentality will prompt firms to pursue FDI when another firm in the industryhas already done so. However, the theory fails to explain why the first firm decided to undertake FDI, rather than export or license. 97. (p. 252)What is multipoint competition? How do firms respond to multipoint competition? Multipoint competition arises when two or more enterprises encounter each other in different regional markets, national markets or industries. Economic theory suggests that firms will try to match each others moves in different markets to try to hold each other in check. If a firm is successful with thi s strategy, the firm will ensure that a rival does not take a commanding position in one market and then use the profits generated in that market to underwrite competitive attacks in other markets. 98. (p. 252) Explain the product life cycle theory and its connection with FDI. The product life cycle theory, developed by Ray Vernon, suggests that the same firms that pioneer a product in their home country will undertake FDI to produce a product for consumption in foreign markets. According to the theory, firms will invest in industrialized countries when demand in those countries is sufficient to support local production. They subsequently shift production to developing countries when product standardization and market saturation give rise to price competition and cost pressures. Investment in developing countries, where aim costs are lower is seen as the trounce way to trim back costs. 99. (p. 252-253) What are location-specific advantages? How do they help explain FDI? Location specific advantages are advantages that arise from using resource endowments or assets that are tied to a particular foreign location and that a firm finds valuable to combine with its own unique assets. Natural resources such as oil and minerals for example, are specific to certain locations. Firms must undertake FDI to exploit such foreign resources. 100. (p. 253) Explain John Dunnings position on FDI. What is the eclectic paradigm? John Dunning has argued that to fully understand FDI it is important to consider the role of location specific advantages.According to Dunning, a firm will be prompted to undertake FDI in an effort to exploit assets that are specific to a particular location. Dunnings theory, the eclectic paradigm, combines the arguments of internalization theory with the notion of location-specific advantages to suggest that feature location-specific assets or resource endowments and the firms own unique capabilities often requires the firm to establish production fa cilities where the foreign assets or resource endowments arelocated. 101. (p. 254-256) Discuss the various political ideologies and their impact on foreign direct investment. The radical view writers argue that the multinational enterprise (MNE) is an instrument of imperialistic domination. The free market view argues that international production should be distributed among countries according to the theory of comparative advantage.The pragmatic nationalist view is that FDI has both benefits and costs. The radical view has a dogmatic radical stance that is hostile to all inward FDI The free market view is at the other extreme point and based on noninterventionist principle of free market economics. Between these two extremes is an approach called pragmatic nationalism. 102. (p. 257-262) Discuss the benefits and costs of FDI from the perspective of a host country and from the perspective of the home country. The main benefits of inward FDI for a host country arise from resource-tra nsfer effects, employment effects, balance-of-payments effects and effects on competition and economic growth. Three costs of FDI concern host countries. They arise from come-at-able uncomely effects on competition within the host nation, adverse effects on the balance of payments and the perceived loss of national sovereignty and autonomy. The benefits of FDI to the home (source) country arise from three sources. First, the home countrys balance of payments benefits from the inward flow of foreign earnings. Second, benefits to the home country from outer FDI arise from employment effects. Third, benefits arise when the home-country MNE learns valuable skills from its exposure to foreign markets that can subsequently be transferred back to the home country. The most important cost/concern of FDI for the home country centers on the balance-of-payments and employment effects of outbound FDI.103. (p. 266-267) Describe the situations when licensing is not a good option for a firm. L icensing is not a good option in three situations. First, licensing is hazardous in high-tech industries where protecting firm-specific expertise is very important. Second, licensing is not attractive in global oligopolies where tight control is necessary so that firms have the ability to launch coordinated attacks against global competitors. Finally, in industries where intense cost pressures require that MNEs maintain tight control over foreign operations, licensing is not the best option. 104. (p. 267) What is franchising? What type of firm usesfranchising as a means of expanding into foreign markets? Franchising is essentially the service-industry version of licensing. With franchising, the firm licenses its brand name to a foreign firm in return for a percentage of the franchisees profits. The franchising contract specifies the conditions that the franchisee must fulfill if it is to use the franchisors brand name. Franchise agreements usually have a longer time commitment than do licensing arrangements. Franchising is common in the fast food industry because fast food cannot be exported, because franchising minimizes the costs and risks associated with opening a foreign market, because brand names are relatively easy to protect, because there is no compelling reason for a firm to have tight control over franchisees and because fast food know-how is soft transferred.105. (p. 267) How useful are the product life cycle theory and Knickerbockers theory of horizontal FDI to business? The product life cycle theory and Knickerbockers theory of horizontal FDI to business are not specially useful from a business perspective because the theories are descriptive rather than analytical. The theories are useful for explaining historical patterns of FDI, but they do a poor people job of identifying the factors that influence the relative probability of FDI, licensing and exporting.

My Ideal Partner Essay

There are many things I look for in a human relationship and in a confederate, trueness and respect creation at the top. A relationship is based completely on loyalty and the trust that you must have in your abetter _or_ abettor. I would never need my henchman to make me tone like I was a irregular choice or not good enough for them, just as much as I would not want my provide to feel that way. Loyalty is about support and allegiance, my partner needs to support my decisions and my goals one-hundred percent. abide by is to admire your partners abilities and achievements and to never put them down. A relationship is two sided and must stay balanced for it to be healthy and functioning. I plan on working at a job I love and being very successful when I grow up, I hope the same for my married man. If my husband were more successful than me it wouldnt perplex me in the slightest and if it were the opposite I would not want a partner that felt threatened or second best.I could not be with soulfulness that didnt aspire to achieve great things in life. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is also very important that is why I want a partner that motivates me to stay fit and to eat healthy. I do not want a husband that is lazy and issue with whatever is given to him. We will strive together to be nimble and be able to pass away a long and happy life. creation fit is important to me because I love to travel and to explore and go on adventures, I need a partner that also enjoys these things. wanting to travel to many different countries and explore innovative things is something my saint partner would definitely need to be interested in. I want kids and my partner must too. Couples often get into serious relationships without knowing what the other psyche might want in the future. My type partner would want to live the same life that I do.That is why it is important that I splice soulfulness that is interested in having at least two kids, I want to be a ble to start a family of my own. Finally my partner must be attractive. Although physical attraction is not what to base a relationship on it, it supportt hurt. Having an attractive partner can only be beneficial, it can boost assignnce and make you more compelled to enjoy the time you spend together. I would like to marry someone that I enjoy looking at everyday. I want my husband to betall and to be muscular, who could argue that? Ha. In conclusion my ideal partner would be a combination of many different qualities. It is someone that I can trust and feel I can confide anything to. It is someone that respects me, and my aspirations. It is someone that wants to travel the world and see new things. It is someone that wants kids and to have a family. It is someone that is physically attractive and fit. My ideal partner will treat me as his equal.

10 Reasons to Oppose the Death Penalty Essay

Innocence and the Death penaltyThe wrongful execution of an irreproachable person is an injustice that can never be rectified. Since the rein advance handst of the death penalty, 139 men and women have been released from death row nationally.The High Cost of the Death punishmentIt costs far more to execute a person than to handle him or her in prison house for life.Death Penalty Can stretch forth Suffering for Victims FamiliesMany family members who have lost love ones to murder tone of voice that the death penalty will not heal their wounds nor will it peculiarity their pain the extended legal process prior to executions can support the agony experienced by the victims families.International Views on the Death PenaltyThe vast majority of countries in Western Europe, North America and reciprocal ohm America more than 139 nations worldwide have abandoned heavy(p) punishment in law or in practice.Inadequate Legal examplePerhaps the most important factor in determining whet her a defendant will receive the death penalty is the quality of the agency he or she is provided.DeterrenceScientific studies have consistently failed to edge that executions deter people from committing criminal offence anymore than long prison sentences. whimsy in the Application of the Death PenaltyPolitics, quality of legal interpret and the jurisdiction where a crime is committed are more a great deal the determining factors in a death penalty case than the facts of the crime itself.Religious Perspectives on the Death PenaltyAlthough isolated passages of spectral news have been quoted in support of the death penalty, almost all religious groups in the United States regard executions as immoral.Racial DisparitiesThe racecourse of the victim and the race of the defendant in capital cases are major factors in determining who is sentenced to die in this country. In 1990 a report from the public Accounting Office concluded that in 82 percent of the studies reviewed, race o f the victim was found to influence the likelihood of being charged with capital murder or receiving the death penalty, i.e. those who murdered whites were more likely to be sentenced to death than those who murdered blacks.Alternatives to the Death PenaltyIn every state that retains the death penalty, jurors have the option of sentencing convicted capital murderers to life in prison without the possibility of parole. The sentence is cheaper to tax-payers and keeps violent offenders off the streets for good.