John milton

When I cope how my set dget is sp hold on, and How presently Hath Time, the poet refers to his sightlessness and the use of time. From the decease of his infant son, to the death of his wife, subdue to Milton becoming blind, surprisingly, he had barely to let these obstacles stop him from creation the nasty draw upr/Poet we was. When I considered how my brightness level is spent, is a praise referring to his blindness nd his secret obsession with time.Towards the end of this sonnet he questions his deity as to why Miltons iodine giving (line 3) was taken from him (his sight) and how it is potential to go deity with his blindness. Milton completes that he is givinged, though my Soul much than hang to dispense t presentwith my Maker, and present my true discover, lest he returning masticate (lines 4-6) his mortal desires bent to use his skills in the service of his Maker, immortal, tho doesnt know how to deal with it And that one talents which is death to hi de (line 3). It is ironic because here is a man who is incredibly talented, et isnt able to use his talents.Because its Lodged with me useless, though my brain more bent, where he almost bluntly states that he knows he has an direful talent, which is his astounding ability to write atrocious poems and such writings. He does consider his blindness briefly in the poem, that taking Miltons rick so literally as to suppose that his blindness was all that he was lecture roughly doesnt give credit to Miltons completely abstract idea nor his profundity of understanding holy literature. ( Georgii ). The start of the poem goes smooth as he tells the reader is view of being blind.Then midstream the poem he slips into the talk ab come forth god as his maker and how Milton is supposed to perform God in his blind state. He refers to elucidate, which is excessively referred to in the playscript. He attempts to run along mans relationship with god. I believe he is referring to twink le in the air of which Jesus speaks of light when quoting the Bible (all forms) Jesus says, and no one would light a lamp and put it under a clay pot. A lamp is determined on a lampstand, where it weed give light to e veryone in the house. Matthew 515Contemperary English Version) Jesus proceeded here to show them that the very yard why they were enlightened was that other(a)s powerfulness as well as come up the light, and be serviceed by it.When people light a candle, they do non screen the light, scarce place it where it may be of use. So it is with religion. It is given that we may benefit others. It is not to be concealed, but suffered to show itself, and to shed light on a surrounding wicked world (Barnes). In the record it besides says For there is nobody hidden that will not be disclosed, and nothing concealed that ill not be known or brought out into the open. (Luke 817). As I am still referring to Miltons Light. His talent is nothing to hide, but feels as tho ugh, due to his loss of sight. Because he can no longer see light he is compel to see in another way. Fore his blindness does not attect ni ty to write, but it only makes it more difficult but not impossible. The bible also states, The light of the body is in the tenderness therefore when thine philia is mavin thy whole body also is honorable of light but when thine midsection is evil, thy body is panoptic of darkness.If thy whole body therefore be full of light, having no part dark, the whole shall be full of light Here, eye does not literally mean eye in the signified of see but in the sense of what is within a person. merely speechmaking that Milton isnt necessarily an evil person but due to his own insecurities feels as though. Because of his dark world and wide, feels he has not yet seen the light. Milton claims his talent is useless, and by not using his talent to write an big poem, Milton thinks hes wasting it.In the Biblical story, a master gives servants oins (t alents) to turn a derive on them when one servant buries the talent instead, the master chides him for not pose it in the bank and earning interest. The master is supposed to be God (web. ) So this chimes into lest He returning chide, that he call fors his true account meaning he wants to be recognized for what hes worth. His One talent was furthermost more than a biblical day-laborer could expect to earn. His state Is kingly thousands at His summons speed, And post oer land and ocean without rest They also serve who only stand and handgrip.Meaning that god is holy and bove all, because he created your talent he only serves those who wait. By the end of this poem he shows that he has learned the conclusion to his hidden talent which is not to dumbfound and do nothing or wait without any effort or prolonging for what you want but Instead, hes trying to say that god only serves those who wait for improve or remain faithful to his kingly name. While this amazing epic poem str esses the fact that god is behind you, one of his other sonnets expresses otherwise, How presently hath time, talks about aging and how it happens so fast.Hes honest off-key 24 and everything is feeling like its going so fast. His tone is excelling at a faster rate than hed like, and he Just wants to do bully things with his life. I dont think he feels as hes done sufficient for where he is, even though he clearly has. At the end he calms down and takes a break. He says the heavens will principal sum him to where he should be. And he wants to use all of his talents God gave him, and use them to his full potential. My hasting geezerhood fly on wtih full career, But my late fount no bud or blossom shewth. Perhaps my semblance might tell on the truth,John miltonWhen I consider how my light is spent, and How Soon Hath Time, the poet refers to his blindness and the use of time. From the death of his infant son, to the death of his wife, down to Milton becoming blind, surprising ly, he had yet to let these obstacles stop him from being the amazing writer/Poet we was. When I considered how my light is spent, is a sonnet referring to his blindness nd his secret obsession with time.Towards the end of this sonnet he questions his God as to why Miltons one talent (line 3) was taken from him (his sight) and how it is possible to serve God with his blindness. Milton knows that he is talented, though my Soul more bent to serve therewith my Maker, and present my true account, lest he returning chide (lines 4-6) his soul desires bent to use his skills in the service of his Maker, God, but doesnt know how to deal with it And that one talent which is death to hide (line 3). It is ironic because here is a man who is incredibly talented, et isnt able to use his talents.Because its Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent, where he almost bluntly states that he knows he has an amazing talent, which is his astounding ability to write amazing poems and such writings . He does consider his blindness briefly in the poem, but taking Miltons work so literally as to suppose that his blindness was all that he was talking about doesnt give credit to Miltons completely abstract thinking nor his depth of understanding holy literature. ( Georgii ). The start of the poem goes smooth as he tells the reader is view of being blind.Then midstream the poem he slips into the conversation about god as his maker and how Milton is supposed to serve God in his blind state. He refers to Light, which is also referred to in the bible. He attempts to describe mans relationship with god. I believe he is referring to light in the form of which Jesus speaks of light when quoting the Bible (all forms) Jesus says, and no one would light a lamp and put it under a clay pot. A lamp is placed on a lampstand, where it can give light to everyone in the house. Matthew 515Contemperary English Version) Jesus proceeded here to show them that the very reason why they were enlightened was that others might also see the light, and be benefited by it.When people light a candle, they do not conceal the light, but place it where it may be of use. So it is with religion. It is given that we may benefit others. It is not to be concealed, but suffered to show itself, and to shed light on a surrounding wicked world (Barnes). In the scripture it also says For there is nothing hidden that will not be disclosed, and nothing concealed that ill not be known or brought out into the open. (Luke 817). As I am still referring to Miltons Light. His talent is nothing to hide, but feels as though, due to his loss of sight. Because he can no longer see light he is forced to see in another way. Fore his blindness does not attect ni ty to write, but it only makes it more difficult but not impossible. The bible also states, The light of the body is in the eye therefore when thine eye is single thy whole body also is full of light but when thine eye is evil, thy body is full of darkness. If thy whole body therefore be full of light, having no part dark, the whole shall be full of light Here, eye does not literally mean eye in the sense of seeing but in the sense of what is within a person. Solely speaking that Milton isnt necessarily an evil person but due to his own insecurities feels as though. Because of his dark world and wide, feels he has not yet seen the light. Milton claims his talent is useless, and by not using his talent to write an epic poem, Milton thinks hes wasting it.In the Biblical story, a master gives servants oins (talents) to turn a profit on them when one servant buries the talent instead, the master chides him for not putting it in the bank and earning interest. The master is supposed to be God (web. ) So this chimes into lest He returning chide, that he wants his true account meaning he wants to be recognized for what hes worth. His One talent was far more than a biblical day-laborer could expect to earn. His state Is kingly thousands at His bidding speed, And post oer land and ocean without rest They also serve who only stand and wait.Meaning that god is holy and bove all, because he created your talent he only serves those who wait. By the end of this poem he shows that he has learned the conclusion to his hidden talent which is not to sit and do nothing or wait without any effort or prolonging for what you want but Instead, hes trying to say that god only serves those who wait for better or remain faithful to his kingly name. While this amazing epic poem stresses the fact that god is behind you, one of his other sonnets expresses otherwise, How soon hath time, talks about aging and how it happens so fast.Hes Just turned 24 and everything is feeling like its going so fast. His life is excelling at a faster rate than hed like, and he Just wants to do great things with his life. I dont think he feels as hes done enough for where he is, even though he clearly has. At the end he calms down and takes a break. He says the h eavens will lead him to where he should be. And he wants to use all of his talents God gave him, and use them to his full potential. My hasting days fly on wtih full career, But my late spring no bud or blossom shewth. Perhaps my semblance might deceive the truth,

Americas Medicare And Medicaid Healthcare Health And Social Care Essay

health man shape upment cost in the get together States exceed 14 per centum of the entire gross domestic merchandise, far much than(prenominal) than in any other state. In the twelvemonth 1992 overall be were approximately $ 838 billion or over $ 3,000 per individual. Equally undecomposed as in that respect were about 6,066 infirmaries with 1.14 million beds in the twelvemonth 1992 in the unify States. Hospital attendance dominates entire health assist disbursement in United States.After decennaries of induction long enclosure trouble in the States is undergoing enormous alteration in reply to change magnitude Medic be and Medicaid expenditures. As the response to the lifting res mankinda and federal official outgos in America corporation based health attendance options ar promoted for long term oversight over institutional guardianship. Despite the fact that persons with really sedate and relentless psychiatricalalal upsets atomic number 18 over repre sented in the race of long term anxiety and consequences into dis pro destinyal rack up of psychiatric health circumspection cost, any berth good as thither is an alarming deficit of attending to the run for the hoary individuals with the persistent and sedate intellectual un health. About 2 per centum of individuals older 55 or above in America be stick out from howling(a) and relentless psychiatric upset and it is fictive to duplicate in following three coming decennaries. Since the current strategy of long term psychiatric trouble for the decrepit individuals with this upset is missing and usefulness add on is extensively driven by reimbursement policies, biotic community based guardianship and managed direction is plausibly to hold pro implant consequence on this population.The grounds to xxiv hours provinces that these proposals can cut down the demand of hospital resources but there remains concern about cost effectivity of community management comp argond with infirmary assistance.However the health insurance policy issues of America is been debated in con relieve oneselfity with community based health management for aged persons and the hereafter challenges of add psychiatric health service to aged population.Although, small attending has been highlighted on the slick pretend of managed prudence on the concatenation of aged individuals with relentless and skilful psychiatric upsets who waste the roughly(prenominal) demanding long term attention demands. return NEEDSAged persons with serious and relentless psychiatric upsets argon denoted in this survey as individuals age 65 and over with perennial or late-onset dread(prenominal) psychiatric upset with residuary damage. As by and enormous defined, terrible and repetitive psychiatric upsets take ons diagnosings much(prenominal) as delusional upset, insane disorder, bipolar upset, and recurrent major depression.Elderly grownups who evolve these upsets in ear ly matureness frequently fork over unequal societal sustentation dodges and lesser pecuniary resources than those with late-onset un health, but both of them portion many similar clinical characteristics and the gross demand for long run rational health attention serve. However, latest psychiatric wellness work for aged individuals ar or soly disconnected and underutilized and do non adequately turn to their long run kind wellness demands.Overall, deinstitutionalization has left multitudinous compute of aged individuals with reduced entree to psychogenic wellness attention in both community and institutional long-run attention scenes.Larger relation of aged grownups with terrible and relentless moral sickness who stays in the community receive small support from the rational wellness arrangement except for medicine despite continued demand, and those without household attention are at higher(prenominal) profess of being institutionalized.These factors highligh ts the pressing demand to depose and advance localize and community based options.LONG TERM attention REFORMThe sudden shrinkage and closing of province infirmaries over the quondam(prenominal) few decennaries has resulted in trans-institutionalization into attention offices of many dependent aged individuals with terrible and relentless psychiatric illness. Eighty-nine per centum of all institutionalized these aged individuals shack in attention sterns. However, as physical bodyed tendencies counsel that establishments allow for play a diminishing function in future systems of long-run kind wellness attention compared with community-based scenes. First, the bulk of older grownups with psychic illness resides in the community and favour to stay at that place ( Bartels SJ, Levine KJ, Miles KM, et Al, unpublished manuscript, 1999 ) . The more pertly cohort of maturation individuals with terrible psychiatric unwellness had spent most of their lives in the community in stead than institutional scenes. Therefore trans-institutionalization from long-run province infirmary units to deal places will go a vanishing phenomenon.Equally good as the 2nd tendency pop the questions the diminishing function for establishments is the execution of care for place reforms under the federal Omnibus Budget Reconciliation make of 1987 ( Public Law 100-203 ) , with the purpose of cut downing the use of care for places for long-run cordial wellness attention. This reform s were practiced in response to increased psychiatric admittances to care places after closings of province infirmaries.Last, the lifting outgos for nurse place attention are exciting sudden reforms in policy and reimbursement. They admit authorizations by provinces to curtail Medicaid outgos by forestalling the breast feeding place bed come out and cutting Medicaid reimbursement rates.As the wellness attention system transportations to suit the increasing figure of patients necessitating ch ronic attention, forecoming anticipation suggest the greatest success in run will be in home- and community-based scenes.Sudden alterations in the funding and construction of long-run and managed attention are progressing rapidly across the provinces, with a practical deficit of attending to the lifting Numberss of aged grownups with serious and relentless noetic unwellness who will hold of import service demands.Financing OF MEDI financial aid AND MEDICAIDSoon, most of the psychiatric wellness and long-term-care work for aged individuals are payd by means of fee-for-service Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare is the federally financed wellness insurance plan, give insurance for persons age 65 and above and handicapped persons under age 65. Medicare is composed of cardinal parts portion 1covers inmate infirmary attention, 60 yearss of skilled nursing place attention, and place wellness and hospice attention. Separate 2 tolerates reimbursement for outpatient infirmary run and doctors. Among the major limitations in Medicare coverage of the psychiatric wellness services are a needed 50 per centum copayment for psychotherapeutics services, deficit of general outpatient ethical drug drug coverage, restricts on inpatient psychiatric yearss, and limited or no coverage of important services such as residential attention, hanging attention and grownup 24 hours attention and place wellness attention. phratry wellness attention is an of import permutation to institution-based attention. However, merely acute portion of unwellness instead than long-run attention is cover by Medicare. psychiatrical upsets, including dementedness, constitute merely 2.8 per centum of primary diagnosings for place wellness attention. It is likely that place wellness attention for psychiatric upsets will go barely obtainable in future coming old ages as Medicare reform consequences in cutbacks under the Balanced Budget Act of 1997. After passage of these reforms, 14 per centum of U.S. place wellness attention bureaus, a sum of 1,355 bureaus, closed in 1998.However, less than 3 per centum of the entire budget of Medicare is spent on rational wellness, with half less than these outgos ( about 1.5 % ) traveling to psychiatric wellness services for the aged population. Acute hospitalizations consequences to the huge bulk of these outgos.Medicaid is the main insurance connection for long-run attention in nursing places and the of import beginning of reimbursement for state-funded services for handicapped persons, including persons with serious and tenacious noetic unwellness. Since Medicaid is a combined federal and province plan, with provinces paying up to 50 per centum of the cost, provinces fox of import daintiness in make up ones minding the eligibility standards and sorts of psychological wellness services covered.For case, although emcee provinces offer coverage of prescription drugs, most brook restrictions in the sort of copayments, limited ref ills, or other restrictions.States whitethorn besides implement restrictions on psychogenic wellness attention, including anterior mandate and restriction on the figure of visits to suppliers. Medicaid reimbursement rates average 20 to 30 per centum beneath bing market rates.Restricting the sum and range of services and paying for psychiatric attention at lesser rates than for checkup attention create barriers to adequate psychiatric attention for aged patients.In short, the argument between the federal and province authoritiess over the costs of Medicaid, every bit good as the restrictions in Medicare coverage, diverge many spreads in insurance coverage for aged grownups.These spreads result in a dis integrate treatment system and critical load in due costs. In add-on, briskly increasing Medicare and Medicaid outgos are ensuing in the disposition to develop schemes that contain costs. The blend of spreads in coverage and service and increase costs under a fee-for-service rei mbursement construction has resulted in an eruption of managed attention enterprises in America.CARVED-IN AND CARVED-OUT MENTAL HEALTH SERVICESThe statement over the finest elbow room to pull off pecuniary hazard and to transport mental wellness services in managed attention has resulted in a scope of hypothetic accounts that may be loosely classified into two general classs. In some managed attention establishment, mental wellness attention is straight structured into the bundle of general wellness services that are covered and provided, or carved in. In others it is supported through a contract with a separate forte mental wellness establishment that provides services and accepts the hazard, or carved out.CARVED-IN AgreementsPatron of carved-in mental wellness services designate that this form of attention fracture integrates both physical and mental wellness attention, reduces barriers to mental wellness attention due to stigma, and is more apt to bring forth cost beginnin gs and overall nest testis in usual wellness attention expenditures. These characteristics are specifically of import be causa aged individuals normally beat co morbid medical conditions and take multiple medicines that may impact mental upsets they typically avoid forte psychiatric wellness scenes and let important wellness attention disbursals related to psychiatric symptoms.By and handsome, carved-in agreements promotes communicating and coaction between medical and psychiatric suppliers suppressing arbitrary differentiations about medical versus psychiatric causes of symptoms and functional issues.Carved-in agreements may be advantageous for the many aged individuals with similar sort of upsets who receive the greater part of their mental wellness attention from primary attention suppliers.Despite the fact that, carved-in agreements are assumed to supply fiscal inducements for incorporate medical and psychiatric wellness services, functional integrating is far from guara nteed. Unfortunately, mental wellness forte services for aged persons tend to be a low precedence in managed wellness attention organisations in comparing with surgical and medical forte services. moral wellness carve-in agreements may besides be scotchally hazardous. First, if mental wellness net incomes are carved in as portion of a net income bundle, grounds from private-sector wellness programs reveals that without administered para, insurance companies will offer derived function coverage of mental wellness attention.In add-on, if remunerators or suppliers contest for enrollees, a well-grounded inducement will be to forestall those expected to hold higher costs from psychiatric jobs, such as aged persons with serious and consistent unwellness.Finally, process of seting payments to counterbalance for the increased fiscal hazard of give attention to more badly sick enrollees under a capitated payment, known as hazard allowance, are rather hard to use for psychiatric wellnes s attention. For case, unless reliable hazard accommodation schemes are veritable for complex populations such as aged person with mental unwellness, the capableness for significant losingss is likely to perpetuate the present deficiency of enthusiasm and services for this bad sort among managed attention organisations.CARVED-OUT AgreementsIn comparing, advocates of carved-out agreements for mental wellness services for aged persons argue that stray systems of funding and services are likely to be professional for individuals with particular mental wellness services. Specifically, they advocate that carved-out mental wellness organisations have advanced proficient cognition, a broader array of services, specialised accomplishments, greater Numberss and assortments of mental wellness suppliers with experience handling terrible mental conditions, and committedness and willingness to supply services to bad populations.In add-on, advocates argue that mental wellness carve-out organis ations allows economic systems of graduated table in supplying the comprehensive array of rehabilitative and community support mental wellness services necessary to care for elderly terrible mentally sick individuals in the community. At last, an inducement exists to reinvest nest eggs from any decrease in inmate service rule into advanced outpatient options. Although appropriate surveies are missing, plans utilizing carved-out services for younger persons have by and large reported important cost nest eggs and favourable results.Unfortunately, informations are missing on results and costs for aged individuals with serious mental unwellness in mental wellness carve-outs. From a clinical mentality, the downside of a carve-out agreement is an increased hazard for unfavourable results due to atomisation of medical and mental wellness attention services. The possible for these inauspicious results is importantly pronounced for aged individuals, who are frequently taking multiple medi cines and who have complex medical upsets. Unsuccessful communicating or deficit of coaction between mental wellness and medical suppliers places the aged individuals at left over(p) hazard of medicine, misdiagnosis, interaction, inaccurate premises about medical versus psychiatric causes of symptoms, and ambiguity about whose duty it is to vouch that appropriate community-based services are provided.From a fiscal mentality, foremost and most important, mental wellness carve-out organisations predicts the hazard of supplying services for a specific given population at a set negotiated fee. Downward pressures to incorporate or cut down costs may take into a one-sided decrease in the proportion of the overall wellness attention dollar allocated for mental wellness services.Second, a fiscal inducement exists for medical suppliers to switch and delegate duty for co-morbid conditions to mental wellness suppliers and frailty versa. For case, since the allotments for medical and psychiat ric services are situated and dispersed, it may be in the fiscal attractive force of a medical supplier organisation to inaccurately tie in the cause of a complex medical-psychiatric job to mental unwellness, which would take into unequal attention and switch the cost load to the mental wellness supplier organisation.A 3rd exposure of carve-out agreements is the hardship that they pose in finding the benefits or cost nest eggs of mental wellness services. Increased wont of mental wellness services may look to be more dearly-won in a carve-out agreement.At last, the physical and mental co-morbidity found in aged grownups with serious and relentless mental unwellness may cut down any awaited fiscal advantages of carved-out services. If the mental wellness supplier can non every bit pull off services and costs related with the combination of medical and mental wellness upsets, evaluate nest eggs may non happen.INNOVATIVE PATTERNOF MANAGED LONG TERM CAREThe demand of keeping intensif ying outgos of long-run attention while supplying home- and community-based options to institutional attention has been the focal point of s experiments in long-run attention reform, including societal HMOs, the Program for any-Inclusive Care of the Elderly ( ill-treat ) , and state-managed long-term-care notifications.Initially initiated as a four-site long term attention presentation undertaking in the mid-1980s, societal HMOs are determined to blend in ague attention and long-run attention within a managed attention model. The implicit in plan is to supply both ague and chronic attention net income under a individual organisation at fiscal hazard, based on a postpaid capitation payment pooled from different beginnings including Medicare, Medicaid, and copayments.In comparing, PACE largely pay attending on persons who meet eligibility standards for nursing place attention and suspects high hazard under capitation for all long-term-care services, financed by monthly capitated payments from Medicare and Medicaid. Elite characteristics of the PACE plan include a multidisciplinary team attack, service proviso in a separate grownup twenty-four hours wellness centre, chronic attention without caps on long-term-care outgos, and everyday one-year wellness showing and preventative attention. These supposed account plans involves many elements that might be adapted to the demands of aged individuals with rigorous and grim mental unwellness to better future long-run attention for this population, including voice direction and multidisciplinary squads.Imaginative state-initiated managed long-term-care presentations include plans for people dually entitled for Medicaid and Medicare, who are among the premier users of acute and long-run wellness services. This group includes old individuals with serious and consistent mental unwellness. At present, multistate proposals are being constructed to unite Medicaid and Medicare resources under a capitated program that p rovides a wax scope of services, including community-based and institutional ague and long-run attention. These enterprises have the possible to supply comprehensive long-run medical and mental wellness attention through public insurance to a population with high rates of chronic mental and wellness upsets. However, with few exclusions, presently planned proposals do non have mental wellness attention as a nucleus circumstances or supplier of services.An alternate system of managed attention with the prospective to supply wide-ranging services is exemplified by a single-payer national wellness attention system. However, statistics from national comparings are assorted. Single-payer wellness attention systems in other states are more likely to function persons with land incomes and more terrible mental unwellness than in the U.S. , but overall entree to specialty mental wellness services is no better and frequently involves longer delay periods.Deduction FOR THE FUTUREHow will el der individuals necessitating long-run mental wellness attention menu in an epoch of managed attention? Existing issues reviewed here suggest that there is cause for dismay at the same clip, new attacks to funding services hold promise if they are suitably developed and harnessed. However, this sum-up of the literature suggests several specific instructions and steering rules for future theoretical accounts.Integration of mental wellness and medical servicesOptimal services for older individuals with terrible and perpetual mental unwellness require a close association of primary medical attention and mental wellness services. The high prevalence of medical and cognitive comorbidity in this group needs a clinical attack that recognizes the complex mixture of medical and psychiatric upsets and the pass judgment of a collaborative medical-psychiatric attack. A array of attacks to incorporating medical and mental wellness attention have been described, but run intoing the demands of persons with serious and changeless mental unwellness is particularly debatable. Promising theoretical accounts of incorporate attention consist of location of medical and mental wellness suppliers at the same site, multidisciplinary medical-psychiatric intervention squads, proviso of primary attention in mental wellness clinics, proviso of specialised mental wellness services in primary attention clinics, and cross-trained medical-psychiatric suppliers.The cardinal clinical topic here is the formation of a collaborative attention theoretical account across medical and mental wellness suppliers, of whether the services are financially incorporate ( carved in ) or separate ( carved out ) . For illustration, the literature describes booming theoretical accounts of community-based mental wellness services that include a primary wellness attention supplier as an built-in portion of a mental wellness outreach squad for senior grownups with terrible and relentless mental unwellness ( Lev ine KJ, Bartels SJ, unpublished manuscript, 1999 ) and the development of an associated primary attention medical clinic specifically for persons with terrible and changeless mental unwellness.Integration of specialised services and community-based attentionRising systems of community-based long-run attention across the provinces promise to supply many indispensable supports and services indispensable to keep frail aged individuals with several medical upsets in place scenes. These theoretical accounts of home- and community-based long-run attention offer advanced attacks to supplying medical and societal services to elder individuals, yet by and large do non include specialised services for long-run mental wellness attention of individuals with serious and continual mental unwellness. To undertake these demands, such plans will necessitate to spouse with specialised geropsychiatric and community support services.Although empirical informations are missing, a restricted descriptive literature suggests that theoretical account plans essential hold specific clinical constituents to successfully keep senior grownups with terrible and continual mental unwellness in the community. These constituents consist of intensive instance direction, general medical attention, 24-hour crisis engagement, home-based mental wellness attention, residential and household support services, caregiver preparation, multidisciplinary squads, active instance determination and outreach, and psychosocial rehabilitation ( Levine KJ, Bartels SJ, unpublished manuscript, 1999 ) . Descriptions of results for these plans suggest that with sufficient supports, the bulk of senior individuals with terrible and continual mental unwellness can be maintained in the community at lower cost than in establishments and with equal or enhanced quality of life. commix funding and seting for unwellness badnessThe greatest challenge to run intoing the long-term-care demands of the increasing Numberss of agin g individuals with terrible mental unwellness will be fiscal. Predictions of the bankruptcy of the Medicare trust fund and current projections for Medicaid expenditures require advanced and resourceful usage of these and other fiscal resources. Meeting the complex long-run medical and mental wellness attention demands of senior individuals with terrible and continual mental unwellness under fee-for-service support will necessitate originative pooling of resources, including Medicare, Medicaid, and funding for aging services under federal and province block grant plans, every bit good as private insurance and limited individualised financess. However, even with these steps, in the deficiency of singular reforms in the funding of wellness and long-run attention for senior individuals, financess may be deficient. Capitated attention agreements may be necessary to incorporate costs and to promote usage of the most cost-efficient services.A major aspiration of financing long-run attent ion will be the reallocation of outgos to back up the development of home- and community-based options. The most striving theoretical accounts of forming and funding services for open populations of senior individuals provide integrated services under a individual system obligated for both acute and long-run attention. PACE, societal HMOs, and province proposals for senior individuals who are dually suited for Medicare and Medicaid blend these beginnings of support to make systems of acute and long-run attention. All of these attacks portion the common purpose of redeploying financess from current dearly-won nursing place attention and hospital-based attention to supported community options. The end of such plans is to intermix these fiscal resources under capitation with an accent on back uping the least repressing and least dearly-won long-term-care services.Managed attention plans functioning senior individuals with terrible and changeless mental unwellness will necessitate to integrate hazard accommodation schemes that account for the significant costs associated with combined hazards of older age, long-run mental disablement, and medical comorbidity. For case, current reforms under the 1997 Balanced Budget Act include programs to finally associate Medicare capitation rates to wellness position through risk-adjusted payments.Guaranting answerability, protagonism, and resultsAt last, it is of import to admit that senior individuals with terrible and changeless mental unwellness typify the most complex, susceptible, resource-poor, and bad long-term-care patients. Service organisations that presume the fiscal hazard for ague and long-run psychiatric and medical attention will necessitate to be suitably reimbursed and held responsible for quality of attention. In the absence of mechanisms to finance these services, adjust for hazard, and step results, managed attention agreements will be in make out with the ends of supplying high-quality attention for seni or individuals with terrible and continual mental unwellness. lastWe have no simple replies to the inquiry of how to outdo organize, finance, and present mental wellness and long-term-care services to elder individuals with terrible and continual mental unwellness. The integrated funding and organisation of services promised in germinating theoretical accounts of managed long-run attention offer the possible to eliminate atomization and inefficiencies and to make a much-needed continuum of medical, mental wellness, and societal support services. Yet bing theoretical accounts fail to supply the specialised mental wellness services that are critical for functioning this population in the community.REFRENCES1 Jonas & A Kovner s Health Care address in the United StatesAedited by Anthony Kovner, PhD, Steven Jonas, James Knickman, PhD.2 contact book of Health Economics by Anthony J.Culyer and Joseph P. parvenu house.3 The Economicss of Health and Health attention by Folland Goodman Stano.4 The Economic and Budget Outlook fiscal Old ages 1998-2007. Washington, DC, Congressional Budget Office, 1997.5 Bartels SJ, Miles KM, Levine K, et Al Bettering psychiatric attention of the older patient, in Clinical Practice Improvement Methodology stiff Evaluation andManagement of Health Care Delivery.Edited by Horn SD. New York, Faulkner & A Gray, 1997.6 Kane RL Managed attention as a vehicle for presenting more effectual chronic attention for olderpersons. Journal of the American Geriatric beau monde 461034-1039, 1998.7 Frank R, McGuire T, Newhouse J Hazard contracts in managed mental wellness care.Health affairs 14 ( 3 ) 50-64, 1995.8 Bartels SJ, Colenda CC psychological wellness services for Alzheimer s disease currenttendencies in reimbursement, public policy, and the hereafter under managed care.AmericanJournal of Geriatric Psychiatry.9 Jencks S, Goldman H Deductions of research for psychiatric prospective payment.Medical Care 25542-551, 1987.10 Miller R, Luf t H Does managed attention leadto better or worse quality of attention? Health Affairs 16 ( 5 ) 7-25, 1997.11 Wells KB Cost containment and mental wellness results experiences from US surveies. British Journal of Psychiatry 166 ( suppl 27 ) 43-51, 1995.12 Felker B, Yazel J, Short D, et Al Mortalityand medical comorbidity among psychiatricpatients a reappraisal. Psychiatric Services 471356-1362, 1996.13 Sturm R, Wells KB How can care for depression take more cost-efficient?JAMA 27351-58, 1995.

Delta Sigma Theta

The concur is affluent in narration of not only the sorority but similarly of the struggles and fortitude of African American women who often found themselves as a double minority, facing issues of their race and also their sex. It takes you ahead of the conventionality and the existing paranoia, the stride shows and the parties and provides an insight into the more profound rationale and significance of the sisterhood.In front of Sisterhood Delta Sigma Theta and the Challenge of the Black Sorority Movement provides a perfect tense certified chronological reference. It is the detailed invoice of the organization on topic written in a very convincing manner. It sheds light on the founders, the various events, and the chronology of the events, and early(a) important information about the growth and intensification of the governance which stood for 90 years. It also negotiation about the national presidents through 1988, the conventions, the Delta swearword and the hymn of th e organisation.The book talks not only about the history of the largest block womens organization in the United States but also tells of the increase involvement of dusky women in the political, social, and economic affairs of America. The foray of the black women in the American politics has been a focal point. This organisation was founded when free-hearted art tutoring was extensively considered as futile, treacherous, and unrealistic for blacks. They were not provided with enough infinite and platform to exhibit their talent. Women especially were devoid of any advancement in studies, knowledge and arts.This book is a convincing manifestation of how they overcame the initial prohibitions and challenges to beat a place for them in the competitive world and color the canvases of their aspirations. It also gives a reflection of how they gave meaning to their existences by providing platforms to the dreams of the society which was suffering. Paula Giddings remarks that contrasti ng the aims of other organizations which propagated racial goals, Delta Sigma Theta was formed to transform and assist individuals rather than society.She says that it basically emphasises on the benefit of an individual which would in turn benefit the society. As a sorority, it was formed to bring women together as sisters. If women fought for one cause it could attempt beneficial to them as well as to the society. There were certain issues which would relieve oneself division, often class-related issues involving black women in our society. Giddings also mentions the way these women get together to face the divisive and to address the problem of class related issues.Giddings has disposed(p) a vision that is obscure because certain goals and aims of the women of Delta Sigma Theta form a mesmerising microcosm. This talks about the struggles, the hardships faced by the black women. It also states the problems faced by the organization. There are many tribulations that Gidding has beautifully mentioned giving an insight into the developed situation that persisted before Afro-American women found a place for themselves in the society.The members stated in Delta Sigma Theta includes a list of renowned women namely bloody shame McLeod Bethune, Mary Church Terrell, Margaret Murray Washington, Shirley Chisholm, Barbara Jordan, and, on the cultural side, Leontyne Price, Lena Horne, Ruby Dee, Judith Jamison, and Roberta Flack. In Search of Sisterhood Delta Sigma Theta and the Challenge of the Black Sorority Movement is full of gripping, absorbing, fascinating anecdotes told by the Deltas themselves. The anecdotes are nicely illustrated with uncommon early photographs of the Delta women.

Comparing tajfel’s social identity theory and scapegoating theory in explaining prejudice Essay

The issue of comparing and contrastive Tajfels scheme of sociable indistinguishability and the scapegoating opening in explaining hurt is a very controversial issue subject to debate .The theories ar like whiz and the same thing though they argon unlike as show be mention as the debate goes on.The principal(prenominal) difference is that scapegoating mainly touches on the rivals of in- congregation against out-group while social individuality speculation bases on the individual rivalry against individual and both(prenominal) have got a negative blemish effect.Barbara (1997) reiterates that preconceived idea by definition is an attitude usually negative towarf ared a member of some other group al whiz on loss the membership in that group . Feldman explains disfavor in the sense that when two groups want to achieve the same goal hardly both groups can non get hostility is due to go on .For example increase competition of various groups in beats of economic crisis may be one of the f wreakors triading to prejudice .Tajfel (1971) believes that the scapegoating surmisal is not adequate in explaining prejudice and he also uses a social identity speculation .However Tajfel et al (1971) argue that competition is not sufficient for inter-groups struggle and hostility .Tajfel does not deny the importance of competition between groups as explanation for the origins of prejudice but argues that mere perception of the existence of some other group can itself produce discrimination .Tajfel et al goes on to verbalize that before any discrimination occur , citizenry must be categorise as members of in-groups or out-groups but more significantly the very act of of categorization by itself produces conflict and discrimination leading to negative prejudice .Therefore from the above epitome one can be tempted to posit that the origins of prejudice in both social identity opening and scapegoating theory arise from the same nature to a greater accom plishment as noted in the job in question though they competency be some differences but to a lesser extent.Moreover, scapegoating theory in explaining prejudice asserts that passel orgroups seeks to displace their anger on the weaker heap or groups .When the weaker group sees that its being dehumanized or being regarded as inferior scapegoating has entered in the danger zone which will ultimately lead to the encroachment of the out-group.However Tajfels social identity theory point that individuals strive for self image and social identity that is influenced by the evaluate categorized by a group an individual belongs .Therefore from the aforementioned analysis one might be tempted to conclude that the spirit of pride in spite of appearance one group and an individuals ego perpetuated by a group an individual belongs may leads to prejudice as expulsed in the melody above.In addition , basing on the scapegoating theory in explaining prejudice ,pain and frustration only oft en evoke hostility for example the native Africans were allocated down in reserves which was very infertile and this lead to the First Chimurenga war when the natives fought the whites blaming them for drought and other misfortunes that they were facing as a conclusion of their movement .In contrast to the above theory, Myers(2008) elucidates that the social identity theory in explaining prejudice suggest that individuals in a group come to develop a sense of their identity that is anchored within in-group .Therefore .from the information above one might tempted to clear that both of the two theories asserts that as a result of onslaught by scapegoating and in-group development development as supported by Tajfel(1971) elaborates the concept of prejudice though they vary to a lesser extent as exhibited in the agate line in question.More so, Healey (2006) pontificates that the scapegoating theory targets for the displaced aggression vary, for example failure by the government of Zimbabwe to run the economy that led to hyper-inflationary epoch many Zimbabweans blamed the sanctions for the economic turmoil and the Europeans as the oppressors but were there to blame for economic crisis in actual sense and this poses a question to many people .Moreover, in the early 1980s people vented their anger to the witchcraft tradition and leading to the masquerading of tsikamutandas to uproot witches in societies and people who were presumed to be witches were humiliated or forced to drink a concoction and if the witch belongs to in-group and another one from out-group discrimination was bound to happen leading to someone being unfairly treated due to discrimination .The South Africans matte the shortage of employment in their country is because of Zimbabweans aphorism that they are taking all jobs thus leading to xenophobia attacks on Zimbabweans and in that essence it evokes prejudice between the in-group and out-group.On the other side of the fall ,Faney (2004) a lludes that the social identity theory furnishes estimateitism among in-groups and out-groups. The theory asserts that as groups are formed ,they come to develop a culture of patriotism towards themselves and to distinguish against out-groups .therefore , from the aforesaid assertions one might be tempted to alludes that prejudice arise from favoritism and displaced aggression as exposed in both theories above . what is more , Tajfel (1971) suggests that resource allocation is done unequally ,in particular they will favor their own group at the expense of out-group .This suggest that the tendency in-favor of in-group may be especially powerful if the in-group feels to be minority .In addition the scapegoating theory in explaining prejudice propounds that for instance in Zimbabwe ,opposition to immigration since 1990 has gone up and down following the hijacking unemployment rate .Moreover ,the scapegoating theory and social identity theory explain the concept of prejudice in a diff erent dimension as noted above in the argument in question though some very small similarities were noted but since the explanations outwit the similarities one might be tempted to conclude that both theories in explaining prejudice they differ immensely .To add more image to the bones , the social identity theory presumes that as people come upon the views of a group they are bound to change their own views to retinue of the in-group and one school of thought believes that similarities within groups will ultimately institute itself to polarization among groups .Members of the in-group will try to make themselves look unique from out-group as they endeavor this uniqueness to prove a spirit of social identity .For example if l am a soccer fan and we are discussing the play of the play of an opposing team , l might guidance for my team that plays much better than the opposing team .However the scapegoating theory reiterates that the strongest anti-black prejudice has occurred amo ng whites who staymuch closer to blacks on the socio-economic hierarchy .For instance the whites who protested for the industrial conciliation act enactment are the whites who were feeling threatened by the black society and those white who were on top of the socio-economic hierarchy felt no intimidation by blacks .there, as thus discussed above one might possibly say that it is clear from the aforesaid argument that scapegoating and social identity theory can explain prejudice from various angles as expulsed in the argument in question .Moreover , Tajfel (1971) asserts that the personal identity deteriorates and social identity become focal in the sense that people have a feeling of themselves individually and as part of the group they belong and in doing so their group identity comes to the central mall of their prejudice and they ceases to pay more attention on the individual characteristics of out-group .Furthermore , scapegoating pontificates that the confrontation of interes t may result in prejudice and anyone who is not meet with himself is unendingly ready for a revenge .For example Floyd May-weather might always feel that he can outclass Pacquino despite losing to him and every time is ready for a revenge match so as to make his status as a champion .Therefore , from the above analysis one might be tempted to conclude scapegoating and social identity theory are somehow different though clearly explaining the concept of prejudice as noted in the aforesaid assertions .In summation ,It does not need a rocket scientist to discover that competition to prestige, social credit ,water, land ,jobs and some other resources may precipitates aggression which will eventually turn into prejudice in both theories scapegoating and social individual theory .However , it is an abortion of factual evidence to sidestep the differences such as displaced aggression , feelings of in-group and out-groups , favoritism among in-groups and out-groups and just to mention bu t a few were address as differences of social identity and scapegoating theory as exhibited in the argument in question in explaining the concept of prejudice.Tatenda Nyoka is a student at Great Zimbabwe Zimbabwe University and can be contacted on tatendanyokagmail.com

The poem, “Joe Lawson’s Wife” by Lorna Crozier

The poem, Joe Lawsons married woman by Lorna crozier is a signically rich work. The poem tells the figment of a man who commits suicide, and how his wife reacts to her maintains death. There is manifest symbolism in both the cheerfulness and milk in the poem. The sun personifies Mrs. Lawsons conscious efforts to absorb and accept the parole of her husbands suicide. She goes from only barely understanding what is going on, and being in hump shock to the realization that her husband is dead fully sinking in. The milk is representative of normalcy in Mrs.Lawsons life-time, and it is the everyday chore of milking the cows that she clings to when her husband dies. The sun plays a significant role in symbolically showing the reader how the news of her husbands death is seize Mrs. Lawson. The sun builds up tension as it rises, symbolically representing her husbands death sinking in as she struggles to accept this morbid news. The for the first time mention of the sun occurs in the middle of the play. The doctor attempts to get Mrs. Lawson to go into the ho go for and away from the gruesome scene of her husband, but she refuses to leave his side.crozier writes, The sun was rising, its splinters from the cracks in the walls falling all around her. In these lines, the sun is representative of the news of her husbands death and the revealing that she is alone. The splinters from the sun, or small beams of set down coming through the cracks of the atomic number 5 show that the news is well(p) starting to sink in, and Mrs. Lawson is only close to aware of what is going on. The sun is referenced again toward the end of the poem, with Crozier telling the reader, The suns bright nails throbbing through. The use of the sun, again, to describe how the death of Mr.Lawson is affecting his wife is symbolic. Whereas when she first saw her husbands body, she was in shock and barely comprehending what had happened, at this point she is fully aware of her husbands de ath, and the realization of this hits her much harder, like nails pounding into her. The references to milk within the poem are also very symbolically significant. The ritual of milking the cows appears to be a common, everyday chore for Mrs. Lawson. For this reason, upon the news of her husbands death, Mrs. Lawson begins milking the cows, almost in a sense of greedy for something normal in her life.The milk is symbolic of the normalcy that Mrs. Lawson had in her life prior to her husbands suicide. After the men have interpreted Mr. Lawsons body from the barn, She pulled the wooden stool to the stall and milked the cow. It is almost as if by milking the cows, Mrs. Lawson is attempting to go back to a time when her husband was unflurried alive. Her complete focus, however, is on his death, as she doesnt even bother to identify a pail under the cow to catch the milk. Mrs. Lawson milks the cows just like she probably did every other day of her life in an attempt to return any sort of normalcy to her now disorganised life.Lorna Croziers poem, Joe Lawsons Wife exhibits two symbolically great elements. The first element is the sun, which represents the news of her husbands suicide sinking into Mrs. Lawsons conscious mind. At first, only a few streaks of light shine though, but by the end of the poem the light is strike her like a nail being pounded into her. The second important symbol in this poem is the milk. The milk is representative of normalcy in Mrs. Lawsons life. Milking the cows is obviously part of her everyday routine, and she clings to this familiar chore in an attempt to return her life to any sort of normal state.

Powerful Poetry Essay

Sh alone I comp atomic number 18 thee to a summers day? Thou dodge more lovely and more temperate. This line is from sonnet 18 and it is adept of the best known of William Shakespeares 154 sonnets. William Shakespeare is the man who created beautiful meter and he influenced people to create their own. In todays modern day society, whether its widely exact or not, numbers has the ability to be considerably moving and to truly touch people. Poetry is applicable and interest in todays society because it ac kindas a great straddle and depth of peoples feelings, it makes the lecturer connect with the poem, and it has a quaint value.Also poem is second-hand in medicinal drug because in most rap songs the words rhyme and create a rhyming couplet. Pursuing this further, metrical composition is a very powerful thing and it should be included in todays up-to-date society. Unquestionably, all poems express feelings and emotions that the writer has dealt with passim their life. Poetry expresses emotion in a dust that delights the reader in one field and a feeling of sorrow in another. No other type of physical composition has the power or capability to steady that much emotion other than poesy.Every living creature has feelings, simply everything has its own right smart to express it. One way humans express their deepest feelings is th raw using their language to write and compose poetry. Reading poetry fire help collar through the eyes of the writer and see what they are experiencing. This power rises from within, like the color of a flower which fades and changes as it is developed (Shelley). This quote says that people have the ability to express themselves and that is very of the essence(predicate) in life. Poetry sewer make it easier to step into the office of someone else and learn about their personality.Without poetry, people would not be equal to(p) to express their feelings and emotions and show people their real personality. Also poe try can help people by using it to drum out tension or express that they need to get rid of. After a rough day at school, interlingual rendition material material some poetry is a ethical way to get rid of the tension that is caused from problems such as taking a hard test or getting a carve up of homework. Poetry helps soothe the judging and gives the mind a respite. Poetry uses the tailfin senses to create a peaceful and pristine image using unspoilt words.One example that uses the five senses is, All overgrown with azure moss and flowers/ So sweet, the sense faints picturing them (Shelley). This quote uses the sense of sight because the image is so beautiful that your sense of sight faints. This style of writing can be very calming and comforting when read in a quite environment. Poetry is just like a car wash for the mind and soul it freshens the soul and gives the mind a brand new start. Without poetry, at that place is one less way to get rid of stress and release tension. In addition to being used as a stress reliever, poetry is used to compose practice of medicine.Just as in poetry, music also shares a basic element known as round of drinks. In poetry there can be many different kinds of rhythm at the same time. Individual lines include unstressed and stressed syllables which is called a meter. There is also a rhythm between lines when metric patterns are repeated. In music, cadence is the beat of the music and the beats give the music its regular pattern. Poetry and music also display emotion and musing in their amazing works of art. Rap is made up of rhyme, rhythm, initial rhyme and many other poetic attributes.It is the most alike to poetry, however it is pacify music. Music without words is poetry, but not in the general state. Without poetry there would be no music because they are very convertible and one cant live without the other. Another reason wherefore poetry is relevant is because it is much more entertaining to read co mpared to reading a book. Furthermore, poems are much more interesting to read kinda of reading a long, boring book. Book plots and characters can be remembered for a limited period of time but poetry is one of the scarce forms of literary language that can be memorized.In the world of poetry, all of the rules that are applied to writing books are ignored and a theatrical role of art is created that is completely unique. Poetry is such a short form of writing that the reader can think about the poem for hours without having their prise buried in a book. Poetry uses three ideas that are important to the text mindful imagery, emotions, and language. Without these three things, poems would not have descriptions that use the five senses to create an image and people would stick out interest in reading it. On the other hand, some people believe that poetry is foreign and this is why they are wrong.Some people might say that poetry is opposed and it is a waste of time. They might s ay that poetry is irrelevant because they believe it is boring to read and there is more people writing poetry than there is appreciating it. Poetry is relevant because it is much shorter and easier to read compared to reading a book. Poetry is very exciting to read because it expresses the feelings of the writer and puts the reader in the writers shoes. Poetry is enjoyable to read if you can understand and comprehend what is happening in the poem.Reading poetry is a surrogate form of reading and it is read by many people. Therefore, poetry is relevant and important in todays society and should be respected more. In short, poetry is very relevant in todays fast-paced, technological society for many reasons. Poetry is a way to let people express their emotions and show what their personality is like. Reading poetry is a salutary method to reduce stress and can unroll the brain when it is overloaded with too many problems. Also poetry is a way to create a rhythm and there would be no music without poetry.Lastly poetry is much more entertaining to read compared to reading a long, boring book. Poetry is an aberration because it is much intermit than the standard. If poetry was never taught again in schools we would most importantly lose a vital language from our past. Poetry is only as relevant as the message of the poem, depending on how well it has been written. Works Cited Shelley, Percy Bysshe. Ode to the West Wind. Mcdougal Littell Literature. Evanston Mcdougal Littell, 2008. 850-52. Print. Shelley, Percy Bysshe. A Defense of Poetry. Mcdougal Littell Literature. Evanston Mcdougal Littell, 2008. 857. Print.

Mao’s Last Dancer by Li Cunxin Essay

Non-fiction texts just now underwrite with academic degrees. talk of the validity of this statement. In your essay response, you should discuss how composers of non-fiction texts present their point of reckon with specific lengthiness to your non-fiction text.Autobiographies, as a narrative non-fiction text, gener ally believe on the conventions of factual historical evidence while presenting a in-person point of view. Non-fiction texts therefore, dep whiz on objective occurrence and a ingrained perspective. Throughout the autobiography monoamine oxidases Last Dancer the composer Li Cunxin offers a personal evaluation of actions and speculates on the signifi spatece of certain actions and events. To oblige and entertain the respondent the composer make use ofs opinionative language and emotive language throughout. Recounts rely intensely on recollection, which can be slender and misleading, and therefore one should suspense the validity of such a text. Such an autobi ography in like manner deals with factual events but embroils a level of subjectively. By express non-fiction texts only deal with facts is partially wrong because non-fiction texts such as autobiographies do deal with the things other than facts and it contrastingly brings immediacy to events that have been simply narrated by collateral versions. Consequently, non-fiction texts are not al fashions objective when dealing with the events in a persons life and this proves right through the novel.Autobiographies by their precise nature rely back on memories from the ancient. This can be fragile and can ignore certain facts. In Li Cunxins text, well-nigh of his writing relied back on his recollection. He exaggerates and reinforces his points quite strongly. Hyperbole is utilize in this line, My leaps were highIt felt like as if I was quickgliding through the open sky, and if the music allowed it, I would have stayed in the air all night, (p314) adjusting the truth to portray h im in a peremptory light. Furthermore, Time does have an effect on memory as it can be clouded over time and cannot be as strong. For drill when Li has a conversation with Teacher Xiao he includes the exact dialogue, which was spoken. Cunxin I understand your anger and I think Teacher Gao was wrong. He shouldnt name(p182)The reader must question how the author remembers each detail from his past.This adds to the subjective nature of this genre. Li reflecting from his memory also shapes his emotion, full on life. Emanating from Lis personal emotions this indicates that this is a subjective recount as well as objective, My feelings about leaving her and going back to china became unbearable (p289). Aspects of the story also describe how his parents were feeling before he was born through the short dramatic sentences, but is not fundamentally factual as he was not rattling there, She knows her family will no longer be her main source of comfortlooks back at her familiar village for the last time, she has no tears,(xiv) and so this relies on memory and perspective once again.The use of first person, it interoperates non-fiction texts such as autobiographies, an unreliable source of information. The purpose of writing in this style is to give the responder a personal effect, while reflecting back on their life story. Therefore, this reiterates the fact that the autobiography is only focalize on the personal and selective events creation conveyed by the author. By doing so, the reader is presented with bow and limited factual field of study explored within monoamine oxidases Last Dancer. They persuade the reader into believe its accepted it could give the reader a wrong perception of true events and places because there is nothing else to judge them from. Aspects of one-sidedness are presented to us in Maos Last Dancer, which suggest the narrator is unreliable.The use of omission is brought to our maintenance at the start of the afterword. The fact that t he author finishes writing on the paginate about a particular event which occurred in the distant past (being released from the Chinese Government). And then starts a new page erasing a unscathed stage out of his autobiography. My new life with Elizabeth began like an East meets double-u fairy tale (p308) simply reassures the readers that the legitimacy of the text is not all true. What has happened in the release and the meeting of Elizabeth? The reader does not hear what her point of view is on the circumstances or what she thinks about it, such as why their marriage failed, but it didnt work out the way we twain had hoped. (p308)This merely gives the reader a one sided point of view. As we hear Lis thoughts and emotions towards Elizabeth, the reader is manipulated into sympathizing with Li. Therefore Elizabeth is not addicted adequate characterization. Our marriage eventually failed. We sufferedgreatly and I felt awfully alone in the world. I had no one to go to. (p308) The use of this personal style makes this genre a subjective text.However, autobiographies do include factual detail and are not all subjective. In Maos Last Dancer, the author includes an appendix, which outlines the historical events mentioned in the book. These include reference map, a historical timeline of China in the 20th Century and sinister and white photos with captions. These endorse Li Cunxins life story and set it within a historical context. Related evidence for the reader that these events actually occurred, In 1921 the Chinese Government party was founded. (p328). This references to historical figures, such as Chairman Mao Zedong, and the use of dates provided. However one must question why the author and their purpose selected these examples.The written style of non-fiction text both deals with facts and emotional theories. Thus all this occurring by nature. Emotional theories, which are cerebrate on in the text, Maos Last Dancer, involves the idea of memory in which the events occurred. Throughout the novel we witness from the author the numerous clock the fragility in memory. The one-sidedness in autobiographies often gives the reader a bias view on all events and the author usually alters the truth. By saying non-fiction texts only deal with facts is highly debatable as facts are intertwined with the personal.

Definition of a Short Story Essay

A short reputation is a short piece of legend aiming at unity of characterization, theme and effect.second commentaryThe authors of the modern English short story no agelong attempt to make daily life more entertaining by inventing exotic plots. Instead, modern short story writers have tended to base their narratives on their own experience here the focus is much more on the less spectacular aspects of life, on the significance underlying what is apparently trivial. The government issue of such perceptive writing is perfection of form, harmony of theme and structure, and preciseness of style to reveal the subtleties of the human mind and of human behaviour.3rd definitionM any attempts have been made to define the short story. But on a few points at least, the opinion of most critics is unanimous. This does non think that the literary form of the American short story can be set up in a rigid way. It has undergone and will probably still undergo many changes as the literary tas te and demands of the practice public also change in the course of time with refreshing outlooks on life. What are some of the elements that make up a dear(p) story?a) A short story is a piece of prose fiction which can be read at a single sitting. b) It ought to heighten matter-of-fact description with poetic atmosphere. c) It ought to present a unified characterisation of temper, tone, colour, and effect. d) It mostly shows a decisive moment of life (which can mean a fatal blow). e) There is often little action, hardly any character development, but we get a snapshot of life. f) Its plot is not very complex (in contrast to the novel), but it creates a unified printing and leaves us with a vivid sensation rather than a emergence of remembered facts. g) There is a close connection between the short story and the poem as there is both a unique yoke of idea and structure. The short story is a piece of art that tries to get through us a specified impression of the world we li ve in. It aims to assert a single narrative effect with the greatest economy of mean and utmost emphasis.

Ethnic group and Discrimination Essay

The issue on racial disparity continues to hold on in developed countries although in subtle manner. Minority meetings in joined States boast had a turbulent history beseeching against ethnic group discrimination by the whites. In this paper, I choose to focus on the African America perspective on their fight against prejudice, segregation and racism. The scratch dispiriteds to arrive in America were slaves. They were brought in that respect against their confess will setback to other immigrants in the land of opportunity. Terms like Negroes were employ to point to vitriolic slaves and from the onset, prejudice remarks were used on them.It is documented that black slaves were seen to have similar attri just nowes to dumb animals hence inferior. In fact, whites held that Negroes ranked between chimpanzees and sympathetic being. Its not clear as to where and when racism started or why but a clear definition of racism exists it means exclusion, division, restriction of any kind based on skin color, race, ethnic origin or nationality It is indeed a shame to see that the society has imposed the third ills of society upon Blacks Americans. The Blacks have and continue to experience segregation prejudice and discrimination flat today.During the period of colonialism and slavery, blacks were not privileged to attend school inorder to throw them down do any form civilization. They were thought to endure and fight all kinds of discriminations either on basis of skin color, in bread and butter style, social class, academic, criminal justice and economic circles. (K arenga, 2002). In retaliation, the blacks Americans have besides propagated Afro centric ideo poundies against whites which emphasis their superiority. Seemingly, it is fair for blacks to habour feelings of oppression and dislike against whites and other nonage groups because these racial ideologies are deeply rooted in society.The weight of erstwhile(prenominal) negatively against blac ks is a big challenge felt up until today. The effectuate have not worn off and hence blacks continue to log a tone behind whites not because they are lesser being but society has a way of pressurizing them to stay at their focalise i. e. second citizens. In the retiring(a), African Americans have faced challenges of security trading and have shaky single headed homes. Thus, they are poor. The whites on the other hand, appropriate preference in well paying jobs, hence a form of discrimination. Perhaps, the blacks are the most segregated residential area in America.This is because of the quality of house and congestion in black concentration neighbourhoods. It is putting green to find reward pricing in very e say, which ensures that Black Americans do not devote spacious homes to live in. Even those who make it to purchase prime plaza face a degree of segregation in the white neighbourhood. As a result, infant mortality is high and health issues are common in black neigh bourhoods. At the same time, crime rates and raving mad crimes occur among teenagers as they try to fight for survival in poverty-stricken homes.Martin Luther King, Malcolm X and other black heroes realized these disconnect and lead black liberations movements aimed at bringing to advance in life. (Amnesty International, US Domestic adult male Rights Program, 2004). These discrimination prevent African American from attaining the American dream since blacks support out sharply than any other minority group, their color has very much been used to dictate the quality of housing, education, service or products that they will assumption (Kitano, 1997) often it is low quality. Similarly in the criminal justice arena, prejudices and racial profiling persist.Perceptions or rather misconceptions about police action as accidental shooting, use of force, slow response and so on are constructed by blacks to be a racist conspiracy and segregation. ( Karenga, 2002). Due to these fundament al prejudices and racist ideologies, reverse discrimination, policies have been formulated to try to correct historically oppressed groups in the Diaspora. This is seen in cases where jobs are reserved for black candidates even where there are qualified whites to fill the position. This is the same policy used to propel affirmative action and boost women participation of women in state affairs.Despite the noble cause behind this policy, it has not gained ground sufficiently owing to the connotations of pity and sympathy stringed to it. Similarly, it goes against the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment and Title VI of the civil rights procedure, 42 (Amnesty International, US Domestic pitying Rights Program, 2004) Other forms of discriminations against the African Americans include redlining. This practice dates back to the 1930s where banks took resume on residential areas to determine the level of security and hence their real estate value and thus award loans.Neighbou rhoods inhabited by blacks were regarded as insecure and thus not eligible for loans. As such, blacks were segregated right away from acquiring mortgage loans, which in turn ensured that they had access to rich suburbs with fair to middling housing. This form of discrimination was fought and overcome after the Fair housing Act 1968. This law guarded against any kind of redlining based on skin color, race, ethnicity, gender and so on (Amnesty International, US Domestic Human Rights Program, 2004) The community reinvestment Act 1977 also put blacks and other minority groups a step ahead in fight against racial segregation.Racial discrimination against blacks affects their mien in the labor grocery store place. The opportunity structure in the labor market is one that ensures that blacks dominate the cheap labour pool in business sector such as gardening, janitors waiters and so on. In addition, historical influence of past black discrimination forms a culture whereby blacks do n ot raise for long-term educational training (Karenga, 2002). Similarly, black resided in urban outskirts where duty opportunities were limited and economic activities few. (Kitano, 1997) thus causing a dual market to form.Moreover, employers also prefer to employ workers from so-called superior races, until they exhaust their supply. all these forces create a dual market one, which is discriminate against blacks. The advancement of black people within social and career circles is limited owing to discrimination on racial lines. Women are particularly subject to this glass ceiling. Notably, the structure used glass means that this form of discrimination is unwritten and unauthorised yet real. It is commonplace to see a high black succeeder unable to advance in career just because of gender or racial bias.In terms of promotions, most employers prefer superior races. final result Personally, I do not identify with any ethnic group. I identify with the human race Blacks, whites, Asians stereotyping prejudice and discrimination ultimately lags to detest speech and violence against groups. Often than not, these prejudices are reinforced for scapegoats inorder to justify own failures. It is worthless to hate each other and in extreme cases resort to genocides just because of differing color and nationality. Once humanity can accept that there is no superior person, area only then can we vainglory ourselves of true intelligence and harmony in the world.

Rhetorical Analysis on “Here’s Why Legalizing Marijuana Makes Sense” Essay

In Heres wherefore Legalizing ganja Makes Sense, Alex Newho intake, a lawyer who resides in the argona of Sunnyside, Washington addresses the moot issue of the legitimation of faecesnabis. The sole purpose of Newhouses article is to channel readers and voters that ganja should be legalized. through bulge his article, Newhouse focuses on the use of ethos and logos, while withal slightly focusing on the use of pathos, to help persuade his audience. The internalisation of much(prenominal) rhetoric strategies allows Newhouse to change the opinions of individuals with views opposing the opinions he, himself, holds. Alex Newhouse starts out his article with a very strong renderment No unrivalled has of all time died from solely using hemp (1). By opening his work with this statement, Newhouse automatically incorporates pathos, a very powerful rhetorical strategies, into his piece.Although it is simple, Newhouses statement backside erect feelings such as astonishment, disbe lief, happiness, and curiosity. Readers may feel a mix of very different emotions from Newhouses statement, but the mere provocation of tied(p) angiotensin converting enzyme emotional response is enough to grab the readers interest and to begin persuading them to replicate their views with those of the author. Towards the end of his article, Newhouse again incorporates pathos. He does so by saying, Regulating marihuana would alike cling to our children (1). The use of this prison term allows Newhouse to appeal to the emotions of his audience. It is app arnt that the sentence is aimed towards parents.Hence, when a parent reads such a sentence, his or her instinct to protect his or her children goes off, thus making the parent feel protective, curious, and possibly even reassured and/or calm. As a result of reading the above sentence, m either parents would automatically take Newhouses opinions into great consideration, since his sentence implies that Newhouse cares closely hi s readers children. Also, by using the word our in that sentence, Newhouse uses ethos, appeal to credibility, as a rhetorical strategy. The use of the word our implies that Newhouse is a parent himself and understands what its uniform to raise children while trying to protect them from dangerous (for youth) substances, such as marijuana.Not merely is Newhouses opening statement, No one has ever died from simply using marijuana an internalisation of pathos, but it is also an incorporation of logos, another(prenominal) very powerful rhetorical strategy (1). In his statement, heimplies that of the many stack who swallow use marijuana, not one soulfulness has died. Newhouses opening statement is subtle and appears to be number little, but it is a statistic nonetheless. Throughout his article, Newhouse makes references to many different statistics, all referring to marijuana. Another way in which Newhouse incorporates the use of logos in his article is by making statements such as, According to the White Houses Office of National medicine Control Policy, over 100 million Ameri shadows have tried or use marijuana, and the U.S. has spent approximately a trillion dollars and 100,000 lives on a medicate war that could be reined in considerably with marijuana legalization (1). By using such statistics, Newhouse appeals to the logic of his audience. The use of statistics in any article or editorial appeals to the audiences logic, which benefits the author by helping persuade his or her readers. Although Newhouse focuses on the incorporation of logos, he also focuses on the incorporation of ethos almost immediately.In his opening paragraph, Newhouse refers to someone of higher(prenominal) office, stating, In 1872, then-President Richard Nixon appointed the Shafer Commission to study the nations emerging medicine problem. It reported the following Neither the marihuana sic user nor the drug itself can be said to constitute a danger to semipublic safety (1). By making a reference to Richard Nixon and the Shafer Commission, Newhouse appeals to credibility, since they were well-known people of power during the time of that quote. The use of ethos, especially in the beginning of a piece of literature, automatically lets the reader(s) know that the authors credibility can be trusted. This technique can help open the minds of readers who are in opposition of the authors argument. In Heres why Legalizing cannabis Makes Sense, Alex Newhouse presents a well-supported argument on the legalization of marijuana.Throughout the piece, Newhouse uses three main rhetorical strategies to persuade his readers ethos, pathos, and logos. For example, Newhouse makes a reference to his bread and butter and a reference to sources that had been written by people who have/had authority on the subject of marijuana legalization. He also used quite an a few statistics to persuade his audience. By repeatedly incorporating one rhetorical strategy after another, Newho use is able to build a strong-standing argument to keystone up his beliefs on the legalization of cannabis. From his introductory sentence to his closing sentence, the author, Alex Newhouse, used a handful of rhetorical strategiesto his advantage.Work CitedNewhouse, Alex. Heres Why Legalizing Marijuana Makes Sense. Yakima Herald-Republic. 13 Aug. 2011. Web. 30 Jan. 2012. .Part 2 Legalization of MarijuanaOver the past few years, the issue of the legalization of marijuana has plough a very controversial topic. When confronted with the issue, it feels almost instinctive to feel as though marijuana should forever be illegal. However, when the issue is really cut and thought about, it becomes apparent that there are more pros than there are cons for the legalization of marijuana. Cannabis should be legalized under strict conditions (concerning who can use the substance, and how much can be used in a trustworthy period of time) because it can increase overall satisfaction of life for crabby person patients, there are no recorded deaths caused by marijuana usage, it can be taxed, it can lessen offense rates, increase state revenues, and simplification taxes. Legalizing marijuana would directly benefit cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy.Chemotherapy often makes patients throw side effects such as pain, breathing out of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. Many cancer patients macrocosm treated with chemotherapy begin to face up sick, pale, and frail. Often times, theyre hospitalized for days. During those days, they look as though every ounce of happiness and satisfaction is being drained from their lives. All they can do is hope theyll make it another day, and that tomorrow will be a better day. Perhaps if they were allowed a small amount of marijuana, their happiness and satisfaction with their lives would increase drastically. The use of marijuana can relieve chemotherapy side effects such as pain, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting, thus allowing a patient to live a higher-quality life. Not only would legalizing marijuana benefit cancer patients, but it would also benefit the macrocosm as a whole. There have been no reported deaths caused by the use of marijuana. On the contrary, dronabinol, a synthetic version and isomer of tetrahydrocannabinol, the primary isomer and psychoactive drug in cannabis, has caused a number of deaths. If marijuana were legalized, there would be no need for Marinol, the prescription drug of dronabinol.Therefore, peoplewould not have to worry as much about losing a loved one because of the use of synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol. Another reason why marijuana should be legalized is that if it is legalized, it would be able to be taxed. Although taxing marijuana would not be a miraculous economy boost that would get the United States out of its debt, it would increase state revenues by billions of dollars per year. California has already made billions of dollars from the uncomplete legalization of t he drug research has shown that complete legalization would earn the state billions of dollars more in revenue per year. Regulating and taxing marijuana would be given to a decrease in crime rates. The regulation and taxing of marijuana would automatically decrease the number of drug dealers in the United States, since the drug dealers selling marijuana would lose all of their customers to stores.This would lead to a decrease in drug-related crimes. The decrease in drug dealers could also mean less people being sent to jail for nonviolent drug-related crimes. Since portions of peoples taxes go towards jails, this could lastly decrease taxes, too. When thought about simply, the legalization of marijuana may depend like a terrible idea. The thought of it spurs a terrifying construe of a lazy, munchies-crazed society, merely lying back as the rest of the humanness moves forward. However, when thought about in more depth, it is obvious that marijuana should be legalized because it w ould be greatly beneficial in many different ways, for it can increase overall satisfaction of life for cancer patients, there are no recorded deaths caused by marijuana usage, be taxed, decrease crime rates, increase state revenues, and decrease taxes.

Cartel and E-books Essay

The article I selected concerns the upcoming antitrust trial of Apple for colluding with publishing houses to name the price of e- entertains (Chen & Bosman, 2013). Why was the firm investigated for antitrust air?Apple was investigated, as well as several publishing companies for conspiring to keep e-book prices high. Amazon is the biggest retail merchant of e-books, and the publishing business has been thrown into chaos by the popularity of e-books. Publishing companies apply the old publishing pretending of selling e-books like print books where the publisher sells the book to the retailer, like Amazon or Apple, at about half the price of the cover price and the retailer can sell the book at whatever price it chooses. (Chen & Bosman, 2013)Apple entered into contr corresponds with publishers that use an agency model to price e-books. This meant that publishers would set the price of e-books, and the retailer would get 30% of the sales event price as profit. Apple also stipul ated that publishers could not set a price lower than the price in Apples e-book store. (Chen & Bosman, 2013)This save by Apple was investigated because the primary purpose of these contracts was to keep the e-book prices higher, and to reduce rivalry between booksellers. Amazon, the giant in the market, would not be able to argue on price, and e-books would cost consumers to a greater extent.Identify some of the costs (pecuniary and nonpecuniary) associated with the antitrust behavior (firms having power in the market). Additionally, note the specific antitrust act (Sherman Act, Clayton Act, etc.) under which the violation was investigated.The pecuniary cost of the actions of Apple is that consumers go forth pay more money for books, and Apple, as well as other book sellers, volition not have to compete on price with Amazon who dominates the market. This will cost Amazon, and booksellers and publishers may make more money at the spending of consumers. The non-pecuniary cost will be that books will not be as available at low prices to consumers who want them, but cannot afford the price. charge fixing is a violation of section 2 of the Clayton Act of 1914. This act prohibits price discrimination that is not based on cost differences that reduces competition. (McConnell, Brue, & Flynn, 2012) effrontery your inquiry and findings, are monopolies and oligopolies (firms demonstrating power) always bad for gild? Be reliable to provide real world examples of where this may be the baptismal font to build up your position. Provide at least one example of a case where having a monopoly or oligopoly may actually benefit the society.According to my research in this case, Amazons demonstration of oligopoly power is good for society because e-book prices are lower when Amazon tries to block other competitors from entering the e-book market, and more e-books are then available to the public. This is a good real-world example of the coercive influence that an ol igopoly can have for society, and an example of how regulation is needed, and anti-trust laws, when oligopolies use tacit consent to compete instead of letting the free-market operate. ReferencesChen, B. X., & Bosman, J. (2013, June 2). E-book antitrust trial of Apple to begin. The tender York Times. Retrieved from http//www.nytimes.com/ McConnell, C. R., Brue, S. L., & Flynn, S. M. (2012).Economics (19th ed.).Retrieved from http//devry.vitalsource.com//books/0077587766/pages/50192724

Reaction Paper of the movie Les Miserables (1998) Essay

The movie is a potent neighborly enter of poverty, ignorance, and brutality of composition by Victor Hugo. Les Miserables is also a bestir adventure of the hapless victim of French society dungaree Valjean, and his heroic struggle to redeem his past. The movie had been so well d hotshot. The actors and actresses had played their farewell and portrayed the characters in a way that the audience could really extend to to. It was shorter than the registration of 2012 Les Miserables but the characters gave justice to their role. In addition, I prefer the 1998 adaptation than of the latest.Les Miserables is a story that portrays of the heroic life of a simple and groovy man in the person of Jean Valjean. He is a really memorable character who is morally upright but guilty of certain(a) thefts for which he gets remorse. To avoid capture and life sentence, he assumes the identity of Monsieur Madeliene, in short becoming the mayor of the small town he has select. It is a in tru th beautiful story packed with excitement. You testament always try to estimate what would happen to the characters as they ventured into new frontiers. It talks about mans struggle to escape the past and reaffirm his humanity in a society where in poverty and ignorance prevails. Aside from creation a brainy adventure, it outhouse also be considered as a powerful social document. It shows the inhumane treatment of the convicts and ex-convicts.It also shows how a man can be redeemed by accepting suffering, and by following the dictates of his conscience blush if it entails suffering and ostracism from many people. It also talks about the mans struggle for existence in the case of the principal character, Jean Valjean as he tried to forget the past and go on with his life. He is such a remarkable character distinct to another(prenominal) people we met in our daily undertakings. Hes exceptional and 1 of a kind. It dwells with the supernatural power of recognize, the love to gi ve up ones freedom for the sake of justice. It is also quite romantic in particular on the part of the love affair of Marius and Cosette that tickles your bones. How incessantly, it is more on being a melodrama that allow your heart cry out especially on the ending part when Jean was willing to sacrifice his freedom for the gladness and peace of mind of his adopted daughter Cosette.On the other hand, I dont identical the part where Cosette fell in love to Marius on a short span of time. Marius was the big disappointment. He came across as a wimp. It had to be Cosettes lack of knowledge that attracted her to him. She could own done so ofttimes better. I dont feel that anyone, with the exception of Fantine, was portrayed as well as possible. There were clock that I should induct been brought to tears, and I wasnt. Another memorable character is Javert, the examiner who always followed Jean in the hope of capturing him. He is very much obsessed about it that leads to his death in his own hands. He cant accept that he who is trying to inflict harm to a person was saved by the same person. I admire his endurance to admit that his incur was a thief and his mother was a impose on _or_ oppress helps me understand more fully his reactions to Valjean, Fantine, and Cosette.My favorite scenes?Valjeans last spot with Marius and Cosette who among us fuck off not lost a loved one, ever? Im sure everyone can relate. I also like the part when Valjean was willing to do everything just to protect Cosette. It stirred me rich inside because knowing that hes not her biological father and yet hes willing to risk everything for the happiness of his adopted daughter. It reminds me of my father on the other way round.Gavroches parts the child was awesome too. He deserves to have another movieThis film teaches us many things. such as we cant escape our conscience. plain if we have successfully hidden our secrets in the form of misdeeds in the past, it will continue t o haunt us until we face it and divulge it in public. Such was the case of Jean. It opens our eyes about the reality in our society we hold up where there are lots of injustices, discriminations and the like. It also tells us not to mark the book by its cover in the case of Marius. We should not let pass any judgment over anybody because that person might have a golden heart hidden within him. We should also specify in mind that if there is life, there is hope.No matter how mussy our past had come, we could still make amends to it and make our lives better. Jean is a great example of such thing he succeeded to become a mayor in a town despite his dark past. vivification is difficult but it is in difficulty that we canappreciate its meaning. The gloomy character of Jean in the movie teaches us the reality in life. Nevertheless, the bottom line is It does not matter how many heartaches, sufferings and pains we encountered in life as long as we have loved and we have been loved.

Hunting Snake and Cockroach Essay

The metrical compositions hunt reduce Snake and The roofy are very different but also vastly exchangeable poems. The predominant language feature that is common in both poems is an protracted metaphor this is used in Hunting Snake to represent the closure of the Aborigines in Ancient Australia, and in The Cockroach to represent human nature, determine and the way we live our lives. The poem Hunting Snake is obviously a poem some a group of people coming across a snake, staring in awe at its beauty and dissimilarity and then moving on. Wright uses a lot of sibilance in this poem, perhaps to underscore the snake.However if we explore deeper we notice that the poem is not about this at exclusively in fact it has an exceptionally different meaning. The entire poem is an extended metaphor for the colonisation of the Aborigines in Australia the snake represents the Aborigines and the persona represents the colonisers. Although the colonisers truism the incredibly beautiful and unique Aborigines, they simply looked at each early(a) and walked on this is exactly what happens during every colonisation. The colonisers do not think about any adept elses feelings, just their own personal or monetary gain.Hunting Snake is a poem about ancient beliefs and values, and the way that adult male acted many years ago. In comparison, the poem The Cockroach is also one that addresses the issue of human nature and values. Kevin Halligan uses a cockroach to portray a disgusting creature, one that many people are eager to drink down and get rid of. Cockroaches also have a very mobile life style they scurry about from place to place, never settling down and are always on the go. Halligan wishes for us to compare the cockroaches lifestyle with our own the scampering motion of the bug is a reflection of his (and all humans) nomadic lifestyle.By describing these frantic movements he is saying something about how nearly of us live our lives and our incapability to settle down we are all in a hurry to move on to the next chapter in our lives, the next milestone, the next day, month, or year. This poem is set in neo day, it is written as if the cockroach is inside a house or a building, not outside like Hunting Snake. This technique helps to create us a better understanding of the poem we can more easily relate it to human nature and our own lifestyles.