Power Factor Correction Using Boost Converter Technique Engineering Essay

violence Factor chastisement Using foster convertor Technique Engineering EssayThis opus researches a design a single phase rectifier with improved mogul fixings by victimisation the boost convertor proficiency. This paper presents the use of boost converter technique raft improve the military unit cistron. By designing the needs of the techniques, the boilersuit Power Factor (PF) would be improved to the expectation. The wiped discover(p) advocator part is ca apply by non- demarcationarity of the commentary flowing. supercharge converter is integrity of method of re-shaping the infix waveform to be same pattern with the sinusoidal stimulation potency. The connected controls that act as a Power Factor Correction (perfluorocarbon) tour of duty. The results were comp ard with erupt perfluorocarbon and in wide awake perfluorocarbon and wide awake perfluorocarbon. Finally the pretense results be shown to depone the carrying out of this modified the perflu orocarbon.Keywords rectifier , boost converter , restless perfluorocarbon , circulateive perfluorocarbon , index finger factor chastening (PFC) , proponent factor instaurationIn most galvanising and electronic power supplies, the AC stimulus is rectified is connected directly after the diode rectifier bridge. The AC chief(prenominal)s are common and extended source of energy. DC power supply is require for operation of electronic equipments such as in computers, televisions, monitors and others. A transparent circuit consisting of diode rectifiers and bulk capacitor can workable to secure DC voltage. The problem of the input circuit, the gamey harmonic distortions on the line and excessive peak input mensess are produced and the result of power factor in the system is hap slight. 1 In come in to improve these problems, many power factor bailiwicks of ac dc converters are presented to achieve high power factor and low harmonics distortion by modifying the input le vel of the diode rectifier and the filter capacitor circuit.Power factor is defined as the ratio of the real power (P) to the apparent power (S) or romaine for pure sine wave for both latest and voltage that embody s the phase angle mingled with the current and voltage waveform. take care 1.0a shows the power factor triplicity.2 Power factor is measure how efficiently electrical power is consumed. The power factor can vary between 0 to 1. It can be either lagging (inductive) or leading (capacitive). The little power factor result in reduced efficiency which extends cost electricity.2 Many utilities companies call upon penalties for the low power factor. When a converter has less than uniformity power factor, it means that the converter absorbs apparent power that is high the quick power it consumes. A higher VA rating than the elongate postulate from the power source should be rated. put down 1.0a Power factor triangleThe boost converter most widely utilize topology fo r achieving power factor correction. The figure shows the PFC boost converter circuit. 3 The passage of reshaping the input current is done by boost converter. The bulk energy storage capacitor sits on the output side of the boost converter quite than just after the diode bridge. The control circuit for this project used low-cost components and satisfactory results.Figure 1.0b relationship of Ac input voltage and currentFigure 1.0b is show the waveform of relationship between Ac input voltage and current. The waveform is collec parry the strictly resistive non elongate load.SYSTEM DESRIPTIONA single phase rectifier with boost converter is shown in figure 1. Boost converter is used for reshaping input current.Figure 1.1a Boost PFC converterFigure 1.1b Voltages and currents waveformsFigure 1.1a and 1.1b shows that the basic configuration of rectifier that uses Boost converter technique as PFC with its respective voltages and currents. The input current would be highly non-linear for rectifier without PFC. It happened when the capacitor is having voluminous take to be. 4 The boost converter involves a switch, a diode, an inductor and a capacitor. The switch and diode are depending on the voltage and current stress that they must handle for all the possible operating conditions. The boost converter also called step up converter which is the output voltage always greater than the input voltage.POWER reckon bailiwickPower factor correction (PFC) is one of the methods to improve the low power factor of a system by employ able devices. There are 2 type of the PFC namely the static and active power factor correction. The aim of the power factor correction circuits is to afford the input of the power supply behave like purely resistive or a resistor.4,5 By using the still PFC, it can achieve the objective of the low power factor applications. The addition of a filter inductor which is connected to the series with the input circuit, the passive ingredien ts is introduced to improve the line current. This passive element will increase to a value of 0.7 approximately. The achievement is degraded with the smaller values of inductance. The passive PFC is much suitable at lower power levels.The active power factor correction results are more suitable option for achieving the nearest unity power factor and the sinusoidal input current waveform. The active PFC design functions by controlling the input current in order to make the current waveform behave like the supply voltage. A converter and switching frequencies higher than the AC line oftenness is added between the output of the diode bridge rectifier and the bulk capacitor in the active power factor correction.NON ISOLATEDISOLATED lounge around along/BUCK, BUCK+BOOSTPWM RECTIFIERFLYBACK FORWARD PWM RECTIFIERHIGH FREQUENCYLOW FREQUENCYP.W.MRESONANT kindle phase OFFLINE PDC circuitACTIVE PFCPASSIVE PFCFigure 1.2 singe phase offline PFC topologies.PASSIVE POWER FACTOR CORRECTIONThe AC -DC converter comprises of a full bridge rectifier followed by a large filter capacitor for the input stage. The input current for the rectifier circuit comprises of the largest discontinuous peak current pulses. The high distortion of the input current occurs due to the diode rectifier conduct for the short period.7By using this passive power factor correction, the value of the power factor can be increased of the 0.7 approximately. Increasing power factor due to the idea of passive PFC which is to filter out the harmonic currents by using low pass filter.Thus, this passive power factor correction has the following main advantages and disadvantagesAdvantages it has a simple structure, it is reliable and rugged. The cost was very low and the high frequence switching losses are not sensitive to noises.Disadvantages it create harmonic, it has poor power factor, it produces high losses and it reduces power maximum power electrical capacity from the load. In the passive PFC, the us e of the inductor in the input circuit is simply used..ACTIVE POWER FACTOR CORRECTIONAn active PFC is a power electronic device designed to control the touchstone of power drawn by a load and obtain a power factor as close as possible to unity. In an active PFC, the function was by controlling the input current and make the current behave like supply voltage. There are two classes of the active PFC solutions which are the low frequency and the high frequency active power factor correction.METHODOLOGYThe role model process is carried out by using PSIM software. The PSIM mannikin model for overall system is shown in figure 2.0. The framework circuit can be split to common chord sections which are the main source (input), the PFC (rectifier) and the load (output).Figure 2.0 PSIM simulation model for overall systemThe software simulation process is divided into three steps which are non linear load, passive PFC and active PFC (boost converter).StartWithout PFC.Simulation process u sing PSIMWith PFC by using active filter (boost converter)With PFC by using passive PFC123Figure 2.1 flow chart of the simulation processFirst, a non-linear load without PFC is simulated for proof of supposition using PFC. Figure 2.1.1 shows the flowchart of the process of the first simulation step.1 set modelingConnect a non linear load desire resultEndYesNo locomote simulationFigure 2.2 flowchart without PFC circuitIn the next step, passive PFC is added in the circuit. The passive PFC which is additional to the diode bridge rectifier. The passive elements are introduced to improve the nature of line current. As the voltage increases, the sizes of PFC components increase too. Figure 2.1.2 shows the flowchart of the process of the second simulation step.2Circuit modelingConnect a non linear loadAdd passive element to the circuitDesired resultEndYesNoCircuit simulationDesired resultEndYesNoCircuit simulation3Circuit modelingConnect a non linear loadAdd boost converter after bridge diode in the circuitAdd control circuitFigure 2.1.2 flowchart for three simulationFigure 2.1.2 flowchart for second simulationIn the tierce step, an active PFC replaced the passive PFC. The boost converter is added in this circuit. An active PFC can control the amount of power drawn by a load and obtains the power factor as close as possible to unity. Thenthe control circuit also added to the boost converter. Mosfet is used in the boost converter circuit which is a switching.RESULT AND intelligenceWithout Power Factor CorrectionFor the non linear load which is the circuit without the PFC , the power factor is low compares to the the using of power factor correction. From the waveforms , as we can see the power factor is 0.6 from 0.1 seconds onwards. The shape of input current is not promising the the shape of input voltage. It it because there are some disturbance happened in system.Figure 3.1 without PFCFigure 3.2 PF , Vin and Iin waveformsWith Passive Power FactorThe firs t step of the simulation is designed for non linear load. In the next step, a passive element which is the inductor is added to improve the nature of the line current. From these figure, the power factor increased to 0.7. The shape of input current also not behave like the input voltage. But it was ruin compare to using without PFC.Figure 3.3 Passive Power Factor CorrectionFigure 3.4 PF, Vin and Iin waveformsWith Active Power Factor Correction by using Boost ConverterIn this step, the boost converter replaced the passive element which is using the Mosfet as the switch. Through the simulation, the power factor is improved to 0.9 from 0.1 seconds onwards.The process of reshaping the input current happened. The shape of input current also likely of the shape input voltage. From this simulation, by using the boost converter is obtained to get the power factor as close as possible to unity.The main of AC input voltage is rectified to the boost converter that generally consisting of an inductor, Mosfet, a power diode, and a bulk capacitor. The boost converter is one of the high switching frequency topologies.Figure 3.5 PF, input current and input voltage waveformsTypesPower factorWithout PFC0.6Passive PFC0.7Acvtive PFC0.9Table 1 the value of power factor from simulationThe table 1 shows that the power factor increase from 0.6 to 0.9. We get these values from the simulation of the three circuits. The rectifier with power factor correction was developed to realize the performance of this project. The power factor improvement by using active PFC was get good result compare to using passive filter. It is because the active PFC is more complex than passive PFC. the power factor correction makes the load look likely resistive element compare to a nonlinear load one without PFC.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, the simulation results matched to the theories involved. This paper presents a research about power factor improvement by using power factor correction. The use of the pow er factor correction is to improve the low power factor and to make the input of power supply behave like to the purely resistive. The PFC circuitry that the controls the Boost converter is having the limitation when the loads current are smaller. The circuit will avert the AC current to flow exceeding to the load demand. From the simulation results , the power factor is almost unity and purely sinusoidal input current followed the input voltage.ACKNOWLEDGMENTI would like to sincere thank you to my executive program PM Pauziah bt Mohd Arsad , deparment of Electrical Engineering , UiTM Shah Alam for providing me the necessary guidance to carry out this project. I would like to take this opportunity to thank her for her constant upkeep and guiding me throughout my work.Besides, I also would like to sincere thank to my parents because always support me. Then thanks to all my friends who are suspensor me during my project was running.